Emily Rice Essay -- English Literature

Emily Rice Both Lamb to the slaughter and The flecked Band shares or so ofthe characteristics of murder mysteries. Explain the similarities anddifferences between the cardinal stories and say which written report you think ismore compelling to read.After reading both Lamb to the slaughter and The Speckled Band Iintend to analyse the stories in detail showing their similarities,differences and success in fulfilling my expectations of a murdermystery story, taking into consideration that the two stories werewritten at very different periods in history. In order to do this Iwill make comparisons between characters, settings, language andoverall story line, etc. I will constantly be considering how composetechniques and styles reach changed through meter and how this affectsthe story. Finally, I will attempt to come to a consequence statingwhich story is generally most compelling to read.Roald Dahl and Arthur Conan Doyle were very different authors withvery different writing style s, but they shared the same love forwriting stories with a twist and for pleasing their readers in theirown unique ways. They were both born in different centuries, haddissimilar views and were very incomparable for their time. ArthurConan Doyle knew what the public wanted to read, they wanted to beable to associate with and love the main character, Sherlock Holmes.In this age, crime was at an all time high and people lived in fear ofcrime with go to sleepledge of this is, he decided to create an appropriatecharacter. So, Conan Doyle wrote of a character that could solvemysteries and counteract crime in such a way that amazed the Victorianpublic so much that they became dependant on the stories. This meantthat Cona... ...hemurderer. I found this interesting.There were very clear difference in the two stories such as the timethat they were written, the style of language and general story line.But, after looking more deeply into the plot I have found out thatthere are a lot of simi larities between the stories. Even thoughwriting styles have changed over time, the fact that authors need toknow about their readers is a very important part of writing a story.After all, if the audience dont like reading a trustworthy story, it islikely that the rest of the nation wont as nationalities usuallyshare beliefs and opinions. If a story or book contradicts theopinions of people at the time they were written, the story will mostlikely be unsuccessful. In conclusion, the most important factor aboutthese two stories is that they were suitable for the time they werewritten.

Invisible Man Comparative Essay -- essays research papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God and Invisible Man EssayLife has never been easy for African-Americans. Since this countrys formation, the African-American culture has been scorned, disrespected and degraded. It wasnt until the middle of the 21st century that African-American culture began to be looked upon in a more tolerant light. This shift came close because of the many talented African-American writers, actors, speakers and activists who worked so hard to gain respect for themselves and their culture. Two writers were on the front lines of this movement, Zora Neale Hurston and Ralph Ellison. Their novels, Invisible Man and Their Eyes Were Watching God, probed profoundly into the life and culture of the African-American, something that was practically unheard of. But non only did their novels shed light on the African culture, but they also shifted away from the tralatitious Romantic style of writing. Instead of focusing on religion or society, these novels focused on self-aware ness, pride, and finding happiness. The merit of these novels pervades every page, but can in particular be found in the themes, diction, and characterization.Both novels shared two similar themes the pursuit of happiness and self-actualization. These themes had to be dealt with tenderly in an intolerant, white-culture society. Both Hurston and Ellison did this beautifully, in that their stories were not forceful nor prea... Invisible Man Comparative Essay -- essays research papers Their Eyes Were Watching God and Invisible Man EssayLife has never been easy for African-Americans. Since this countrys formation, the African-American culture has been scorned, disrespected and degraded. It wasnt until the middle of the 21st century that African-American culture began to be looked upon in a more tolerant light. This shift came more or less because of the many talented African-American writers, actors, speakers and activists who worked so hard to gain respect for themsel ves and their culture. Two writers were on the front lines of this movement, Zora Neale Hurston and Ralph Ellison. Their novels, Invisible Man and Their Eyes Were Watching God, probed deeply into the life and culture of the African-American, something that was practically unheard of. But not only did their novels shed light on the African culture, but they also shifted away from the traditional Romantic style of writing. Instead of focusing on religion or society, these novels focused on self-awareness, pride, and finding happiness. The merit of these novels pervades every page, but can particularly be found in the themes, diction, and characterization.Both novels shared two similar themes the pursuit of happiness and self-actualization. These themes had to be dealt with tenderly in an intolerant, white-culture society. Both Hurston and Ellison did this beautifully, in that their stories were not forceful nor prea...

Temptations :: essays research papers

TemptationI. IntroductionTemptation is a vast topic. The account book is filled with come-on from cover to cover, mostly about how God dealt with our problem of sin and giving us victory. God deals with temptation and we deal with it too. It is reality that everybody gets tempted from era to season by the morning star. Jesus also was tempted but never sinned , temptations goal is to lure you away from God. There are a lot of ways the devil can tempt you, just make sure to stay focused and filled with the Spirit. And understand the goals of the devil to want to send temptation to us.II.     Todays situations of getting tempted to do wrong.A.     Temptation is everywhere Picture this Like a scuba diver in the ocean, we feel engulfed with water and solelyuring sights.B.     The ways a person can be tempted are through materialism, pride, laziness, sexually, greed, envy, gluttony, and lying.III.     FI LLING of the SpiritA.     No wonder the Bible instructs believers to get filled with the Spirit of God Instead, allow the Holy Spirit fill and control you. Then you will sing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs among yourselves, making music to the Lord in your hearts. And you will eer give thanks for everything to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Eph 518-19B.     See how God helps? It is in our distress, when we feel weak, the Spirit prays for us. It is all about trust and dependence on God. God will work things out. So stand firm in truth that God assigns no blame, actually forgiven of sins. No condemnation for those in Jesus (Rom.81 ff.) So the Spirit of life dwells in all true believers and it is His Spirit that continues to help. Apart from God we invite no life.IV.     Goal of TemptationA. Temptations Lure Find life apart from God-That is what Satan wanted to do with Jesus go for the do it yo urself, instant fixB. Strategy Twisting ScriptureThat is what Satan specializes in. He knows the Bible well enough to twist it with some from of innocent aspect deception. Whats wrong with telling a stone to become bread?V.      Conclusion     Jesus has promised to help, let go of the seeds and seek His help. The story of Jesus temptation reminds us Jesus knows the experience really well, the battle isnt over, Satan will want to get at us at an "opportune time", but he is able to help, be like Jesus, full of the Spirit, full of Gods acceptance and love.

black and chinese americans :: essays research papers

In the present day, people view America as a land where everyone screw be seen equal to one a nonher, simply this was not always the case. In the 1800s black and Chinese Americans went through a ruthless period of discrimination, imputable to the white mans ignorance. Even though the Chinese and blacks were singled out they both were treated differently but also had many similarities. Harsh treatment, long hours, and extremely low wages were only a small part of the brutal-ness both races faced. The Chinese men came to America hoping to provide a better life for theirs families back in China. Most of them received jobs work for the corrupted railroad companies. They faced horrific working conditions, which some died from, low wages, and long hours. The Chinese men wasted years of their lives and sacrificed seeing their families so that they can make enough money to support them.The blacks have faced similar conditions to the Chinese men. They too worked long hours and earned very low pay. Many of the blacks became sharecroppers one time they were emancipated. Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who gave a share of the crops raised to the landlord in lieu of rent. These landlords were cruel and took a good portion of the crops grown by the black farmers. Whatever the landlords did not take was left for farmer and his family, which was not much. They had to survive through the winter with the limited supply. Both the Chinese and blacks could not do anything about the working conditions due to the fact they could not unite and form labor unions. Though both Chinese and blacks faced many similarities they also had differences. The blacks have lived in American for generations plot of ground the Chinese were just starting to immigrate. Blacks were forced to come to America to be slaves as opposed to the Chinese coming here by their own vacate will. Also the America did not allow Chinese women into the land due to the fear of an even more rapid rate of increase in the Chinese population, while black women were in the country and had a prominent role in their family lives. Another difference between the two races was that the black Americans had families in the country and the Chinese left their families back in China. Another differentiation was that once the blacks were emancipated most stayed in America while a good bit of the Chinese left to go back home.

Proton Radiography Essay example -- Nuclear Science

The purpose of this project is to compare radiation imaging simulations of protons to X-rays. In this project proton radiography is proposed as an alternative diagnostic method for the nuclear transmit. The foundation of this project is the use of proton radiography for implosion tests. In any nuclear weapon, implosion geometry is crucial. Implosion tests are needed to ensure that the weapons will perform as expected after old age of storage. These tests also help validate computer simulations of nuclear weapon performance. The underground nuclear test ban treaty of 19631 makes confirmation of computer simulations vital to stockpile stewardship. In an implosion test a full-scale weapon mock-up is designed and created using a surrogate metal that has similar mechanical properties to those of the fissile corporal but push asidenot produce nuclear reactions. During an implosion, shock waves high pressures and hot temperatures will cause the solid materials present to flow like liqui ds. Liquid behavior can be described by hydrodynamic equations implosion tests are often called hydro-tests2 in industry. During the Manhattan Project, scientists took snapshots of imploding mock-ups with intense flashes of high-energy x-rays. In 1995 Los Alamos physicist Chris Morris2 developed a way to use protons sooner of x-rays for hydro-test radiography. Proton Radiography has many benefits some of which will be discussed in this report.BackgroundRadiography is the production of an image on a radiosensitive surface, such as a photographic film, by radiation other than visible light i.e. radiograph.3 During radiography irradiations are used to view a material with non-uniform composition. A beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected towar... ... use of dose cards to compare the dose for each particle to image at various energies. streak the simulation several times with various materials such as Plutonium at compressed densities would also prove more applicable to use for hydro-testing. whole kit and boodle Cited1.Court, Edward C. Snow and John D. Radiography Image Detector Capability in MCNP4B. Trans. Am. Nucl Soc. ((1998)) 79, 99.2.Fishbone, Brian. shaper X-ray vision for hydrotests. Los Alamos research quarterly . http//www.lanl.gov/quarterly/q_w03/pro_rad.shtml.3.http//www.state.gov/www/ planetary/arms/treaties/ltbt1.html. Partial Test Ban Treaty. 1963.4.Koehler, A.M. Proton Radiography. Science (1968) 160(3825) p. 303-304.5.Wolbarst, Anthony B. Looking within how X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and other medical images are created . London England University California Press, 1990.

Proton Radiography Essay example -- Nuclear Science

The purpose of this project is to compare radiation imaging simulations of protons to X-rays. In this project proton radiography is proposed as an alternative diagnostic rule for the nuclear stockpile. The basis of this project is the use of proton radiography for implosion tests. In any nuclear weapon, implosion geometry is crucial. Implosion tests are needed to ensure that the weapons will perform as evaluate after years of storage. These tests also help validate ready reckoner simulations of nuclear weapon performance. The underground nuclear test ban treaty of 19631 makes confirmation of computer simulations vital to stockpile stewardship. In an implosion test a full-scale weapon mock-up is designed and created using a surrogate metal that has similar automatic properties to those of the fissile existent but cannot produce nuclear reactions. During an implosion, shock waves high pressures and hot temperatures will cause the solid materials present to flow like liquids. molt en behavior can be described by hydrodynamic equations implosion tests are often called hydro-tests2 in industry. During the Manhattan Project, scientists took snapshots of imploding mock-ups with intense flashes of high-energy x-rays. In 1995 Los Alamos physicist Chris Morris2 developed a style to use protons instead of x-rays for hydro-test radiography. Proton Radiography has many benefits some of which will be discussed in this report.BackgroundRadiography is the production of an image on a sensitive surface, such as a photographic film, by radiation other than visible light i.e. radiograph.3 During radiography beams are used to view a material with non-uniform composition. A beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected towar... ... use of dose cards to compare the dose for each particle to image at various energies. Running the simulation several times with various materials such as Plutonium at compressed densities would also prove more applicable to us e for hydro-testing. Works Cited1.Court, Edward C. Snow and John D. Radiography Image Detector Capability in MCNP4B. Trans. Am. Nucl Soc. ((1998)) 79, 99.2.Fishbone, Brian. shaper X-ray vision for hydrotests. Los Alamos research quarterly . http//www.lanl.gov/quarterly/q_w03/pro_rad.shtml.3.http//www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/ltbt1.html. Partial Test Ban Treaty. 1963.4.Koehler, A.M. Proton Radiography. Science (1968) 160(3825) p. 303-304.5.Wolbarst, Anthony B. Looking within how X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and other medical images are created . London England University California Press, 1990.

My Favorite Place to Vacation

Attitude/Point Others will feel the same way about their favorite place to address for their have got specific reasons. and I have noticed that close to people visit places because of the weather, and the stress relief you get when you take a vacation.Audience Individuals or families who are feel for a serene place to vacation to or visit. People who vacation frequently or retirees would benefit from this.Purpose I will be sharing this printing to inform the reader of fond memories that can be obtained by visiting Southport and the pleasurable atmosphere.Topic Sentence My favorite place to visit is Southport, North Carolina because it has relaxing b separatelyes, outstanding weather, and the people there are friendly.Brainstorm List of Possible ExamplesAble to read booksClear mind by gazing out into the waterCool breeze throughout the twenty-four hour period and nightLocals speak each time you come into contactSentence OutlineMy favorite place to visit is Southport, North Caro lina because it has relaxing beaches, great weather, and the people there are friendly. To start with, Southport has one of the most relaxing beaches it helps people relieve stress and focus. For instance, during the school year I am living in the mountains of North Carolina, which can be a actually stressful and demanding of me nonetheless during my summer break I can be found in Southport at the beach.When I finally get to Southport, on the beach, I just lie out in the sun and gaze out at the water and read books, without a care or thought first appearance my brain. Southport is also my favorite place tovisit because of the weather being so pleasant it is not to hot but also not to cold.For example, each twenty-four hour period during the summer though it is rather warm there is always a cool breeze that will change your entire attitude about the day and the temperature. Lastly, I like to visit Southport because the people are so welcoming, which makes it so much more enjoyable and serene.Each and every time I go on a walk or bike ride, everyone is continuously speaking to you and have a word or two more to say. The locals are always walk of life around with a smile willing to engage in any way to help. In a nutshell, even though I only visit Southport during the summer this is why it is my favorite place to vacation.

Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas’ “Waiting”

Among the most interesting work of modern art on display in the J. Paul Getty Museum is Edgar Germain Hilaire withdraw waiting, a pastel painting done around 1882. In this work, Degas captures the picture of a young ballerina and an older charr sitting on a bench, apparently waiting for something to happen or someone to arrive. The painting is a study of the sharp logical argument between early days and old age, which is illustrated in the play of color in, light, and shadows that the puma carefully preserved in his work.The young ballerina is painted in soft colors of gold, blue, and cream which spring the light while the older cleaning woman is garbed in black. In the same manner, the younger emergence is painted to suggest motion, energy and restlessness here(predicate) she is massaging her feet, apparently waiting for a performance to begin. The woman, on the separate hand, is immobile, devoid of light movement and comes across to be waiting for the action to end so sh e can rest.Degas Waiting is displayed in a small dark room located on the left side of the museum entrance. Exhibited along with it are German painter Joseph Viviens Portrait of a creation and Swiss painter Jean-tienne Liotards Maria Frederike van Reede-Athlone at Seven. The darkness of the room brings out the sharp contrast in colors and the use of light in the pastels. Likewise, its small size is clearly meant to convey a aesthesis of intimacy wherein the viewer feels a sense of privilege at catching a glimpse of so personal a thing as an individuals portrait.The arrangement of the paintings depicts the various influences of artists consort to their respective periods. In particular, the works show the progression of portraiture and the use of pastel as a medium since Viviens Portrait of a Man in 1725 to Degas Waiting a century and a half later. It is clear that Degas work is a huge departure from the conventional supposition of painting peoples portraits. Viviens portrait is carefully composed according to the artistic conventions of balance and color its subject is self-consciously positioned at the midst of the canvass, capturing the face, and his figure appears to come out of the shadows.Viviens colors are austere and sombre, which reflects the prevailing style at that time. Liotards Maria Frederike van Reede-Athlone, on the other hand, reflects a subtle change in the painters pallet from Viviens dark, muted colors to bold, albeit cold tones. However, the same rule is applied regarding the subjects position. Hence, Degas Waiting stands out in sharp contrast to the both paintings.First, he clearly circumvents the prevailing concept of portraiture by showing two subjects who assume positions that are not usually accepted in portraiture the young girl is shown massaging her feet, which makes her face unseen by the audience, while the womans face is half-covered by her hat. Degas also draws his subjects from a very different angle and perspective he i s obviously not as interested in showing their facial countenances as in showing their characters through body language. He also abandons the dark tones in favor of bold, bright, and warm colors to create dramatic contrasts in his work.Waiting illustrates Degas affinity with the impressionisticic movement, although he apparently abhorred being called one because of major ideological rifts with prominent impressionist painters. He particularly criticized his self-confessed impressionist contemporaries for their practice of painting in plein-air as he believed that it was tantamount to copying which interfered with the artists imagination. (Smith 58) Nevertheless, Degas work clearly shares the same impressionist characteristics as shown in his style and choice of events and people of everyday life as subjects.Like the works of most impressionist painters such as Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, Jean Frederic Bazille, and Camille Pi ssarro, Degas Waiting reflected the belief that art should relate to the real world and reflect modern life as opposed to painting religious and mythological figures that was traditionally favored by connosieurs of high art. (Snider) Its choice of subject, a ballerina and her companion in the process of waiting, captures an reflection of modern French life. Its style undoubtedly mirrors the impressionists fascination with capturing light in the most realistic manner, and its colors also carry the impressionist preference for warm, vibrant tones that suggest movement and life.Although Degas works and his obsession with the figures of women, particularly dancers, in his paintings have often invited varied interpretation from art critics and academicians, it is clear that his middle-class footing and upbringing has tremendous influence in shaping his choice of subjects. (Theodore 145) Reff Theodore infers that Degas fall downion for painting movement arose from his early exposure to the ballet which was a known part of the contemporary scene in nineteenth century Paris. (145)The impact of Degas background is also seen in his being deeply concerned with uprightness for its own sake, in probing life beneath the crust of good manners (Nicolson 172) in his depiction of Parisian modern life. In Waiting, Degas aboveboard portrays the differences between his subjects, in effect making a statement about the sad truth that the young ballerina, with all her vibrancy and beauty, will soon pass into the life of her companion, drained and weary of the world.It is suggested that Degas and other impressionists ideas were largely influenced by the rapid technological and social developments of their time. Indeed, impressionism drew much of its ideas from innovations, techniques, and concepts in photography. (Snider) Clearly, Degas and his contemporaries were so impressed by the ability of photographs to capture the exact effect of light on its subjects that they sought to recreate this ability in their paintings. Other painters, corresponding Monet, even tried to copy the photographic effects of varying shutter speeds in his work. (Snider)Degas background as an artist produced and molded by extraordinary and tumultous changes in his time that was brought about by the rapid industrialization of France and all of Europe, his pastel work Waiting could be displayed in another gallery together with Claude Monets Gare Saint-Lazare, a painting which shows the Saint-Lazare train station. This painting would give a contemporary audience an idea of Waitings background as the train is a ubiquitous symbol of the industrial revolution which gripped not only the economic but also cultural life of Europe in Degas time. Hence, Monets work sets the mood for Degas curious study of youth and old age in the age of modernity, where everything passes quickly.Other works that could be exhibited alongside Degas Waiting is Auguste Renoirs painting The Dance at the Moulin De lagalette and Degas own work The Millinery Shop which shows the social activities of the French middle class and the activities of working-class women, respectively. The two paintings would also highlight the contrast that Degas sought to portray in his subjects, wherein Renoirs middle-class subjects, painted as they socialize in a party, is compared with a lone woman while making hats that are ostensibly worn by those who can afford it. Likewise, Andy Warhols Campbell Soup Cans would also be a fitting touch to the gallery as it signifies the advent of mass production. Although Warhols work is at odds with the impressionist theme of Degas work, it nevertheless echoes the mundanity and repetitive pattern of modern life that Degas captures in his painting.Works CitedNicolson, Benedict. Degas Monotypes. The Burlington Magazine 100.662 (May 1958)172-175Reff, Theodore. Edgar Degas and the Dance. Arts Magazine 53.3(November 1978)145-149.Smith, George E. James, Degas, and the Modern View. NOVEL A gathering on Fiction 21.1 (Autumn 1987) 56-72Snider, Lindsay. A Lasting Impression French Painters Revolutionize the Art World. The History Teacher, 25.1(November 2001). 5 May 2008. http//historycooperative.org/

Musical Genre Classification of Audio Signals Essay

melodious genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are third estate characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are link up to instrumentation, lilting structure, and harmonic meaning of the practice of medicine. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre sorting dejection assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In this paper, the automatic sort of audio signals into hierarchy of musical genres is explored. Three feature sets for representing timbral texture, rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed. Also propose variety through two- cartridge holders KNN classification method and show enhancement of accuracy. Using two-time KNN classification method increases accuracy about 5% than one-time ++++KNN classification which two-time KNN classification accuracy is 77.9% and one-time KNN classification accuracy is 73.3%.Index Terms Music classification, feature s tock, wavelets, KNN classificationTable of Contents I. II. Introduction Music Modeling & Genre SegmentationIII. Feature Extraction A. Timbral Texture Features i. ii. iii. iv. B. Spectral regulate features Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) Texture window Low-Energy features rhythmic FeaturesC. Pitch Content Features IV. Classification V. Evaluation and Discussion VI. ReferencesI. Introduction Musical genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are common characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are related to instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and harmonic content of the music. Genre classification is magnified when music industry moved from CD to web. In web music is distributed in large amount so importance of genre classification is magnified. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre classification can assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In era of web, i t enabled to gravel large amount of all kinds of data such as music, movies, news and so on. Music database has been grown exponentially since first perceptual coders early in the 90s. As database grows it demanded tools that can enable search, retrieve and handle large amount of data. Classifying musical genre was great tool for searching, retrieving and handling large music database 1-3. There are several more method such as music emotion classification 4, beat tracking 5, preference recommendation 6, and etc.. Musical genres classification (MGC) are created and used for categorized and describe music. Musical genre has no precise definitions or boundaries because it iscategorized by human hearing. Musical genres classification are highly related to public marketing, historical and cultural factors. Different countries and organizations have varied genre lists, and they even define the same genre with different definitions. So it is hard to define certain genres precisely. Ther e is not an official specification of music genre until now. There are about 500 to 800 genres in music 7, 8. Some researchers suggested the definition of musical genres classification 9. After several attempt to define musical genres researchers figured out that it shares certain characteristics such as instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and pitch content. Genre hierarchies were created by human experts and they are currently used to classify music in the web. Auto MGC can provide automating classifying passage and provide important component for complete music information. The most significant proposal to specifically deal with this task was released in 2002 3. Several strategies dealing with related problems have been proposed in research areas. In this paper, automatic musical genre classification is proposed showed in Figure 1. For feature extraction, three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed.Figure 1 Automatic Musical Genre ClassificationII. Music Modeling & Genre Segmentation An untrained and non-expert individual can detect the genre of a melodic line with accuracy of 72% by hearing three-second segmentation of the song 11. However computer is not radiation pattern like human brain so it cant process MGC like human. Despite whole song may somehow influence the representativeness of feature, utilise whole song can extract most of features that music has. Also to extract short segment of music for automation system is unsuited for the take because difficulty of finding exact time of music that represents genre of music. Without research finding certain section of music representing its characteristic using whole song to modeling is proper way to MGC. There are too many music genres used in web 7, 8. Classification genre has to be change and in this paper proposed genres which are popular used in MP3 players in the market.Figure 2 Taxonomy of Music GenreIII. Feature Extracti on Feature extraction is the process of computing numerical representation that can be used to characterize segment of audio and classify its genre. Digital music file contains data sampled from analog audio signal. It has huge data size compared to its actual information. Features are thus extracted from audio signal to obtain more meaningful information and conquer the over-loading processing. For feature extraction three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content will be used 3.1. Timbral Texture Features The features used to represent quality texture are based on the features proposed inspeech recognition. The following specific features are usually used to represent timbre texture. Spectral shape features 1-3 Spectral shape features are computed directly from the power spectrum of an audio signal frame, describing the shape and characteristics of the power spectrum. The calculated features are based on the short time Four ier transform (STFT) and are calculated for every short-time frame of sound. There are several ways to extract feature with spectral shape feature. 1. Spectral centroid is centroid of the order spectrum of STFT and its measure of spectral brightness.

American Dream in Great Gatsby

The American Dream was an important theme in the book, The Great Gatsby. Every wizard character was somewhat involved or motivated by the American Dream vision. In the Great Gatsby, American Dream symbolized the freedom and opportunity to bump your ego and your situation. Characters had different ideas of going through the American Dream. Gatsby loved money, reinvention, and the American Dream.He planned to reinvent himself for a woman that was put on such a igh pedestal, that when brought down, his earthly concern had become something of an illusion. Daisy became a sort of goal, a symbol for wealth, that he basically makes her lose her humanity in his eyes. A sort of paradigm in which she was an object, when he won her it meant he was what he al styluss wanted to be. By the end, the real shocker that brought him back to earth, that made him realize Daisy was an actual human, was seeing Patricia, Daisys daughter. Another character that symbolized the American Dream was Myrtle.Her only goal was to better her situation, such as being very materialistic and greedy. She decided to have an affair with one of the most inaccessible and wealthiest men in the city. She was in the relationship not because of love or lust, but because of money. Someone that symbolized the American Dream in a positive way was Nick. He was from a family of old money yet he was willing to give up his family money and work hard. Nick wanted to build up his old name. Money was never very important to him as it was for the others.He actually understands how the American Dream corrupts the minds of all trying to achieve it. Nick was disillusioned with the American Dream by seeing how it immorally unethical it was. Yellow (such as silver and gold) that means corruption wealth and dishonest and white that means fapde and plain are colors that represent an egg which is a major symbol in the Great Gatsby. A theme of Self-Discovery and Intolerance was directly directed to Nick. He k new(a) he wa nted to find himself and create his name not live off of what his family has.The theme of the green light represented Gatsbys hope, renewal and rebirth of this new relationship with Daisy. Gatsbys motivation to move forward and better his situation Just to be with Daisy starts with that green light. It basically Just means plain wealth to him. red was a symbol connected to Nick because he is the only one that does not think corruptly. Red symbolizes death in which Nick has seen peoples true self die out because of the American Dream.

Gender in South Asia Essay

These cardinal contradictory comments are ab go forth women the first one is the rigid dictum which is subdued going on in our society and it had always been a consequence from the time of Mahabharat to the present day that women do not have the power to be an independent human being. And in the second comment a charwoman wants to lead her life to her own accord by refuting the patriarchal domination. She wants to caste a knotlion against the Patriarchal hegemony which creates a boundary over female freedom.It seems as if she wants to repudiate the above-mentioned patriarchal dictum. These are two themes which I want to focalization in my term paper which exists till now in our society of South-Asia in general and Bangladesh in particular. I want to show how South- Asian women brass patriarchal heaviness and how they have started to lead her life to their own accord. I want to establish these facts through Selina Hossains two short stories Motijans Daughters and The exist ence of Love and Labour.I pack Bangladesh among so many South- Asian countries because the stories from Bangladesh also contri entirelyed to our experience of re fractioning the scattered and disjointed body of Bengali womens writing, we are ashamed to acknowledge this but the fact remains that we had been largely ignorant of the extremely powerful body of womens writing from our neighboring country scorn our shared inheritance of quarrel and culture. The distinct features of the above-mentioned texts, both in terms of content and treatment, bring out the political, religious nd culture specifities that depose womens writing from Bangladesh.In these two stories the setting is rural and the women, who have the power to destabilize the status quo of the sexse, function within village community. The purpose coffin nail this rural setting, according to me, is lied in the fact that urbanization is a fairly recent phenomenon there. And the writers are possessing intimate links with t heir native villages. And I choose Selina Hossain because she is one of the most important women writers of Bangladesh.Her deep preceptions of nature and human psyche have made her writings unique and absorbing. She in her writings depict the character of a woman in the social and cultural movement of her country. She points to the challenges administrationd by women, to the decisions taken by women in social and political cries. Now I want to show how two above-mentioned themes function through Selina Hossains two stories. In Selina Hossains Motijans Daughters, the central character Motijan under goes a lugubrious marital life because of the malevolence and maltreatment of her mother-in-law Gulnur and husband Abul.She is physically and mentally tortured and she looses her identity both as a female and womanish. (1) She looses the very She in her. She is blamed as Sterile woman. All her zest of becoming mother is shattered by her husband Abul as he has an mislabeled relations hip with Rasui. So he does not care for Motijan. She is continually tortured by her mother-in-law as her dumbfound is un equal to pay the promised dowry. This dowry ashes is a poignant phenomenon in our society for which many women have to face tremendous torture before and after their marriage.Rabindranath Tagore has shown us how Nirupama, in his horizontal surface Dena Paona had to face a fatal death as her father was unable to give the promised dowry. solely here, Selina Hossain deviates from Tagore. Her character Motijan has transformed herself from a helpless creature unequal to(p) of even the slightest protest to a woman who can choose the man she desires and not simply put up with her husband who abuses and ignores her. She proves her fertility by devising an extra-marital relationship with Lokman and like an Angry young woman chooses her own life to her own accord.She wants to specialize what Benares in Vijay Tendulkars Silence The Court Is In Sessoon, cute to tell My life is my own I will do what I like or she wants to do what the duchess of Malfi had done in websters The Duchess of Malfi. Motijan has fulfilled her desire by crossing Strategic Essecentialism (2). Kunti in Mahabharat was not able to make public about her illicit relationship and about her son Karna but Motijan is able to do that. Motijan boldly makes public about her extramarital affair by taking two daughters in her hand.Accordingly to Lacan every(prenominal) desire is a misrecognition. In the case of Motijan, her desire is non feminine because she negates her feminine identity of wife or Sati to give way a mother. She chooses Lokman not because she loves her, she makes a relation with him only to come out from the blame of infertility given by her mother-in-law Gulnur. Thus, Motijans desire for Lokman is ultimately misrecognised. She takes her desire for Lokman as a weapon of rebellion by which she negates her feminine identity of wife and builds her female identity b y giving birth of two female children.Jahanara Imams The Weapon depicts not merely the trauma of a woman who is raped brutally but the specifies of her suffering acquire a natural political significance as chhabiran resists the violent take-over of the territory of her body and attain by Pakistani forces. As chhabiran uses her desire as a weapon like wise Motijan also takes her desire as a weapon to rebel against her mother-in-law. Another important theme in this story is the exploitation of women by women. Gulnur is like the traditional mother-in-law of our society who maintains her tradition by torturing her daughter-in-law.Inspite of being a women she continually maltreats Motijan. As the mother-in-laws are also tortured by their mother-in-laws, so they carry on this torture as if it is a legacy to them. But they in truth gain exploitation not any advantage. But when they use it, it becomes negative legacy. Gulnur is doing the same. Gulnur has not judged her self as a woman. Sh e has been influenced by the stuffy tradition of our society and has judged herself as a tool of oppression. Another important theme is about the birth of female child.In Aitereya Brahaman, 6/3/7/13 from Taslima Nasreens Selected Columns it is stated that the birth of a daughter was considered a curse. Therefore it is imperative that a pregnant woman should perform so that her child may be a male. This is the concept of Vedic age and it is still now very dominant and static code in our society. And in this story same thing happens with Motijan after giving birth of two female children. Gulnur, her mother-in-law wants to drive out her from the house by claiming that family caper will not be saved by female children.But Motijan, like a new woman retaliates over Gulnur by rearing the children with utmost care and dress. Her pride is equal to the heroine Hester Pryne in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter who feels proud of her daughter Pearl. And her anger is equal to Jimmy Po rter of Osbornes Look Back in Anger. In Brihadaranyak Upanishad from Taslima Nasrees Selected Coloumns it is declared that wife must walk behind her husband and The Satpath Brahamana directs women to follow the husband but Motijans husband Abul who is not becoming of a husband even not worthy of a human being, so there is no question to follow her.Besides, his torture and his smoking of bidi forbid Motijan in a Claustrophobic situation. Abul does not do the least duty of a husband. That is why she does not consider him even as a member against which she can set a rebellion. Besides, why always women should follow Men? This is totally a power play patriarchy. And according to me, every Motijan should disobey every Abul like husband as they are not worthy of being a husband. One of the synonyms of woman is bharjya one who is borne. These is a similarity in blood between the words bharjya bhirtya a wife and a servant.Motijan is treated like bhirtya slave in her family not as a true wife. The ending of the story is significant because although the story ends, the struggle of Motijan does not end. It is just the beginning of her struggle where she will have to face more complexity from Patriarchal society. She has brought two new Motijan whom she will have to make ready to struggle against later Abuls and Gulnurs. Through the ending of the story Selina Hossain wants to tell that the revolt which Motijan has started is not the revolt of Motijan only but the revolt of every women of our South- Asian society in general and Bangladesh in particular.It is the revolt of those women who are the victims of such Patriarchal and matriarchal oppressions. And the struggle which Motijan has started is unending, there is practically left to gain her proper right and freedom. Likewise, women of South-Asia will have to struggle more to acquire their right and true freedom. Selina Hossains another story The serviceman of Love and Labour shows that Amzad Mia, Fulbanus fat her wants to give marriage of Fulbanu to Kasem Khan who has already two wives, for the greed of land.In spite of being a father he considers her daughter as an element of exchangeable commodity. This is not the present concept of our society. In Mahabharat we see that Arjun told Kunti, after bringing Draupadi by marrying her that he has brought a thing which he wants to give her mother. So, since the days of Mahabharat women are treated as an object not as a human being. Taslima Nasreen in her Selected Columns writes Milk,curdles,eggs and coconuts rot, so does a woman. Thus, we see that society applies the term to a woman as if she is an object.Taslima Nasreen in her Selected Columns again shows that Samartha Sabdokosh which is a wonderful addition to the Bengali language and literature, uses synonyms for a Man Purushmanush , Manab, Manush etc while for women synonyms are Stri,Meye,Ramani etc. The numerous synonyms for woman however do not mention Manush which simply means Human. But Fulbanu stops her fathers Conspiracy in order to get wind him a lesson that she is also a human being and her desire should also be valued.She marries Kasem Khan secretly without giving any information to her father and her family so that her father cannot get the property offered by Kasem Khan. On the other hand she wants to teach a lesson to Kasem Khan also. Kasem is a representative of neo-colonialism. (3) In Neo-Colonialist concept one person thinks himself to be superior without thinking what others think about him as he marries many women only to fulfil his lust without caring any body. He gives wrong notion of his practicing Polygamy that as he has no children so to save the family line he wants to marry Fulbanu.We find that it is not a recent phenomenon. In Aitereya Brahmana from Taslima Nasreens Selected Columns it is stated that a woman cannot marry more than once. Even if a man has many wives, one husband is enough for a woman. actually there is a medical reaso n behind this polygamy and to prove this matter I want to refer Taslima Nasreens view, who in her Selected Columns tells that between the age of fifty and seventy many men suffer from an enlargement of Prostate Gland. This enlargement of the secretory organ leads to an increase in familiar desire, though the end is likely to be permanent impotence.These old men, because of an enlarged gland, are suddenly fired with excessive sexual urge and long to get them selves wives. Many try to saying these men need a companion in their old age. They prefer to marry teen girl rather than old woman. The case of Kasem Khan is also the same. Kasem Khan also reminds the example of Prophet Mohammed. But Fulbanu Shatters his dream of enjoying her and also proves that the two wives do not suffer from infertility. The true fact is that Kasem Khan Is impotent and for that he has no children.The Aitereya Brahmana gives from Taslima Nasreens Selected Columns unreserved praise to a woman who never Con tradicts their husband. The two wives before Fulbanu blindly accept this concept. They neither refutes Kasem Khan nor try to discover the actual truth behind their infertility. But Fulbanu, like a new woman deviates from that cheap accepted norm of blindly receiving patriarchal hegemony. She gains her freedom by refuting that hegemony and hierarchy created by her father and Kasem Khan. I hope, she creates an example of freedom which will become an agenda to the girls who are the victims of such oppression.At the end of the story without caring anybody and without receiving any Talaq or Divorce she just starts a new journey to an extraterrestrial being path. She does not know what fate will awaiting her. But she frees her self from the bondage of patriarchal hegemony and now she chooses a life of free bird. She wants to find her own put in to live in Virginia woolfs famous room of ones own where any bondage is prohibited. She wants to become the mistress of her own desire. Thus th e two heroines of Selina Hossains through their tragic end ( as they both do not leade a normal happy lives ) prove the dictum Every calamity is a story of survival .They both negate the traditional sexuality roles which cast men as rational, strong, protective etc, while women are emotional, weak, submissive. They prove that gender is a cultural construction, not a biological one. Men think themselves superior that is why they are superior Benedict Andersons view (4). Actually they want to prove that no one is superior from the first days. Women also know how to build equality by breaking superiority . And through these stories Selina Hossain proves herself as a feminist writer.Her characters are the representatives of the contemporary fates of South-Asian women. Her private purpose has thus become a public feminine issue. She prefers to cast her rebellion against the Patriarchal oppression not by Sword but by Pen and I hope, she is very much successful in this fact. Virgin Woo lf in her story of Judith lamented For who shall metre the heat and violence of a poets heart when caught and tangled in a womans body ? . But I hope Selina Hossain has no reason to lament because she has created writings which is totally free from male influence.And her writing may be treated under Gynocentricism (5) Elaine Showalters Concept as she in three phases ( feminine, feminist and female ) proves that she remains a fair gentle woman through her writings. Thus, through my term paper I want to tell that the women of South-Asia partly achieved their success of independence. But if there is to be a true female independence too, much remains to be done. But the struggle which has started by Motijan, Fulbanu and Selina Hossain herself is a great achievement. Their struggle is like a torch whose light will show path for the true right and freedom for women.

High School and Graduation Essay

Time gets closer to the day we move our tassels from senior to graduate. Graduation steps on the back of our heels like the annoying freshman running late for class. It acts as if it is going to creep up on us, but we each(prenominal) know it pass on be here soon. It tip-toes in the back of our minds. Graduation a day of freedom, maturity, and proof that nobody is any better than another.There are many divergent ways of following through Sometimes its to the highest degree going there, not getting there. Sometimes its the pilgrimage that teaches you a lot about your destination. Drake. This quote says a lot. He actu onlyy spoke at a graduation, and told that graduation class this same thing. This quote reaches out to me because I know my journey will be a rough journey. Becoming the person I want to be after high take is a journey all its own. I hope I get to where I want to be. Even if I do not, I have learned.Although graduation is only a hardly a(prenominal) months away, I am getting nervous. I am nervous. But graduation day will be the day I go from high school student to adult. Age is just a number. Intelligence proves adulthood. I am proud to say I am looking forward to graduation day. I am looking forward to becoming an adult. I am looking forward to taking that next step in my life.I want the sopor of my class to be as ready and nervous as I am because I will not feel alone. I know I am not the only one who feels this way. Every senior all around the United States is put in this position. We all do the same thing. We all walk onto that order, shake hands, smile, wait for a picture and walk off with our high school diplomas in hand.Adults and older siblings did not lie when they told me that my four long time of high school will be the best four years of my life. I have had an amazing four years. I have lost friends, gained friends, met both(prenominal) amazing people, and even met some people that I did not want to meet. I got put in position s I was not sure I was bestride enough to handle.I handled them though. I got forced to make choices I did not know I needed to make on my own, but I make them and I know I made the right ones because of the person I am today. I am already ready to walk on that stage and smile. Smile big for those who made choices that caused them to not be able to walk with me. I smile for thepeople who have tried to bring me down in life so far. And most of all I smile for myself, I smile because I made it. I made it to this graduation day a day full of freedom, maturity, and proof that nobody is any better than me.

William Blake’s Songs of Innocence

Flakes use of the clownish in Songs of Innocence and Experience Put simply, Flakes Songs of Innocence and Experience Juxtapose the inculpable country world of childhood against an adult world of corruption and repression. The collection as a whole, by meaner of paired poems in Innocence and Experience (The Lamb, The tiger The Echoing Green, The Garden of Love/London The Nurses Song (l and E) Introduction (l and E) The chimney sweeper (l and E), etc) explores the value and limitations of two different perspectives of the world. The same situation or difficulty is seen through the eyes or perspective of Innocence first, indeed Experience.Blake stands outside Innocence and Experience, in a distanced position from which he recognizes and attempts to correct the fallacies of both perspectives. He uses the untaught, in m either songs, to attack oppressive and destructive authority (Church, King, p arents, adult figures), restrictive morality, sexual repression, established religion the Established Church, genial inequality, militarism. The country is a literary style that presents an warningism and artificial picture of rural life, the naturalness and artlessness of which is seen in contrast with the corruption and artificiality of city and court.The pastoral is often seen as a nostalgic looking back at a lost paradise, a lost Eden, a lost Golden Age. However, Blake does something different with the pastoral. Firstly, he rejects the nostalgia of the high-flown in order to show the real hu man condition. He does this by debate pastoral ideal and urban reality both within the private states of Innocence and Experience and between the two states. (For example Introduction of Innocence, The Shepherd). Secondly, he radically redefines the relation of the pastoral to the city because the Songs as a volume could be utter to take place in the city.Blake frames the obviously pastoral scenes within an urban setting in a way that breaks down the conventional ci ty/ province dichotomy and his criticism is aimed at not merely social problems, precisely the source of these problems a limited way of seeing. Within Innocence, Blake takes us into the frame, or sweat of the pastoral space and explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. For example, in The Little Girl Lost of Innocence, the pastoral setting is that of a desert wild that becomes a garden mild.The cite is the biblical image in Isaiah 35 of an ideal mime in which the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. Lacy, the innocent child, lives In the southern clime/Where the summers prime/never fades away (distinctly pastoral ). She had wandered oleomargarine the wild birds song. Blake brings in a contrast between Locals trust and her parents fear (that she is lost and will come to harm). For Lacy, there is no cause for distress, except consideration of her grows feelings (if my mother sleeplessly shall not weep).The other side of the conflict is the pare nts fear and concern As far as they are concerned, there is nowhere safe (Where stub Lacy sleep? . Their concern becomes more and more self- centered, until it becomes emotional blackmail (oho can Lacy sleep,/elf her mother weep? ). A moral prescription is then introduced Lacy ought to be worried and we notice that this is Justified only by the mothers distress, not by any real danger. By meaner of the command, Then let Lacy wake, Blake shows how fear turns into tyranny. The parents fear of nature has made them unreasonable They command their daughter to be unhappy, simply because they are.Stanza 8 resolves the conflict as Locals surroundings become transformed the desert is bright. Locals positive comprehension dominates the rest of the poem The imperative, Let in the line, Let thy moon arise, underlines her opposition to her parents. The gelid word, bright stands between Locals and her parents attitudes to nature (for the parents, it is a dark, unknown world of fear for La cy, it is safe and bright. ) The lion licks Locals bosom and the lioness Loosed her slender dress. The dress is a symbol of her parents upbringing, which Locals perception can cast off.She is naked, so shame is removed (a reference to Adam and Eves nakedness in the Garden of Eden). In the ext poem, The Little Girl Found, the lions masculinity, his mane, was what frightened the parents (soon his heavy man/Bore them to the ground). So, the poem conveys the need for sexual freedom, natural energy, sexual energy, feared by Locals parents. (In The Little Girl Found, the parents perception of the lion as fearful is transformed -then they followed/Where the resource led- by meaner of transforming their vision, their perspective, the parents fear disappears (nor fear the wolfish howl,/Nor the lions growl).Within the pastoral frame of the Garden of Eden, Blake explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. (In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, which Blake wrote between the two part of the Songs, he stresses that mans instincts are not fallen (sinful from the moment of birth) and therefore to follow the instinctive desire for love and pleasure cannot be wrong The spirit of fresh delight can never be defiled. On the contrary, it is the thwarting of desire that leads to corruption and a warping of the personality Sooner murder an infant in its cradle than nurse enacted desires.The conventional goodness of Flakes time, therefore, is Just a passive failure o act out desire and is not something to be admired, dissimilar evil which is evidence of positive energy. Good is the passive that obeys reason. Evil is the active springing from energy and Energy is eternal delight. So, in the volume of Songs of Innocence and Experience, the tensions, oppositions or conflicts are within the frames of a song, as well as between the two contrary worlds of Innocence and Experience.The Songs not only Juxtapose pastoral ideal with urban reality (echoing Greenwoods Echoi ng Green/The Garden of Love), but within the single state of Innocence, pastoral images are Juxtaposed with a flawed urban society. The oppositions also exist within the single states of Innocence and Experience. The Songs of Innocence begins with a clearly pastoral Introduction followed by The Shepherd, The Echoing Green and, of course, The Lamb(in Flakes final order of the Songs). These songs show pastoral harmony between humans and nature.However, we are led out of (or in and out of, depending on the order of Songs), pastoral and into a disturbing world of social difference and injustice through such lyrics as The Little Black Boy, The Chimney Sweeper(l). Yet even these songs eave a pastoral element. Tom Decree, in The Chimney Sweeper, is identified with the lamb of pastoral and of innocence through his hair, That curled like a lambs back. The black boys mother describes his body as a shady grove that enables the soul to bear the beams of love, identifying the time on earth as a little space, akin to a pastoral retreat, rather than a time of preparation labor.The pastoral narratives in both poems seek to free the boys from the stigma of their blackness, but ironically that freedom, in the form of a pastoral paradise, is attainable only after death. In The Chimney Sweeper(l), an angel opened the coffins and set them all free. /Then down a green plain leaping, laughing they run,/And wash in a river and descend in the sun. In The Little Black Boy, Gods voice will call Come out from the grove my love and care, And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice.Only in death will the white boy be taught to reject his ignorant racist views And then Ill stand and stroke his silver hair/And be like him, and he will then love me. So, Blake uses the pastoral to attack social evils and injustice, but also exposes the limits and inadequacies of the pastoral ideal. He transcends the pastoral to show the limits of pastoral innocence to criticism the human condition and to sho w a new vision. He does this by rejecting the nostalgia of the ideal to show the real condition by opposing the pastoral ideal with urban reality.The dual presence of town and country, idealization and realism, celebration and regret provides the tension that is fundamental to the pastoral space. The pastorals critical function is found upon the writers handling of internal tensions between oppositions. Flakes objective in Songs of Innocence and Experience is to show the wow contrary states of the human soul. He shows that we create our worlds by meaner of our perception of it. (Milton A mind is its own place, and in itself/Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven Paradise Lost).Our world is Innocent loving, meek and mild, delightful, protected, gentle if we recognize its creator as loving, caring and protective. But there are limits to this vision we are vulnerable because we are ignorant of the dangers and threats that exist. The world of Experience is one that is dark, au thoritative, oppressive, lumpen and repressive of enjoyment. We see ourselves imprisoned in this despair if we perceive its creator as oppressive, cruel, punitive and Judgmental and if we perceive ourselves as imprisoned in schoolmaster Sin.The two worlds opposed are those of childhood innocence and adult experience. He uses iconic pastoral images (piper and muse, shepherds, rural idyll, innocence of childhood, the Garden of Eden, gardens and greens, lambs, pathetic fallacy) and pastoral states (harmony, Joy, protection, care, love) and opposes these to urban images and states of adult authority and cruelty, state and church repression and authority, dishonest and destructive emotions.Blake sets up oppositions, in the frames of the poems (as artistic creations) between Innocence and Experience and within Innocence and Experience. Blake provides (in Songs of Innocence) pastoral images, but shows the limits of pastoral innocence. In Songs of Experience, he writes in anti-pastoral m ode and uses pastoral images to show the destruction of innocence, as well as ways to regain innocence in a vision of a New World.Discussion of putting the complex into the simple Approaches discussion of The Lamb and The Tiger, pages 91 101 Songs of Innocence and Experience can be regarded as anti-pastoral Blake exposes he limitations of a comfortable image of pastoral innocence by 1) redefining the relationship between city and country (Russ in rube the country in the city) 2) he uses the pastoral as a frame to expose social injustice and human suffering 3) he uses pastoral images to show true innocence, then subverts these, both in Innocence and Experience, to expose the dark world of adult authority and repression.Blake use pastoral, not to show the contrast between rural and urban, but to expose the injustices of the human condition. Blake was a poet of the city, of London, and his pastoral setting is in the greens, parks and gardens of London.

Jessica’s Silence Within the Merchant of Venice

Jessicas relieve Within Shakespeares tragic comedy, The Merchant of Venice, one is exposed to yet another one of his plant life that has an intensely packed storyline full of different characters with their own complex subplots that contribute to the main plot. ace of the main characters, Jessica, is daughter of Shylock, who is a wealthy Jewish moneylender in Venice. Shylock is characterized as a villainous type of character within the play, partly because of being a Jew and partly because of his rude and regard as exterior.Within the subplot of Jessica and Shylocks relationship, it is clearly visable by Shylocks treatment of his daughter that she has become skittish of not however being his daughter, but also of being a Jew. When Jessica decides to rob her preceptor of rather a bit of his money and property through an arranged setup with Lorenzo, the man she plans to elope afterwards the robbery, she takes not only many things worth a great value, but also the rout that he r father had bought her mother.When Shylock learns of his daughter not only deserting him and robbing him, but taking such invaluable and prized possession as the ring, he is utterly heartbroken. After trading the ring for a monkey and marrying Lorenzo, Jessica is faced with a chummy moral guilt in Act 5, Scene 1 when exposed to how Portia feels after tricking Bassiano to give the ring away while she was disguised. In Act 5, Scene 1, Jessica is completely silent after Portia and the others enter and they commence to discuss all of the disguise and trickery that had happened.When the men are told that Portia and Nerissa were in disguise and tricked the men of their ring, rings that the men had swore to keep for eternity, Jessica is exposed to how much have a go at it and emotion was attached to those rings. One would think that it moldiness have been a shameful kick in the stomach to see past the fog that her love for Lorenzo has caused and realize that the hurt that these women a re experiencing is the same pain that her father must have felt when realizing that Jessica, his only flesh and blood, the only person he could possibly love in this world, took one of his most stilted treasures and traded it for a damn monkey.

Developing a Software Program

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If there areleaks in the design and program tactical maneuver and technologyimplementation so there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic enigma. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needs attending inall(a) these metrics to work upon and to get a weaken result. If there is a best(p) program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable competent andof strong functionality and sofulfillthe amend requirement in this case.Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things fail more comminuted as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and spare-time activity the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable expeditious andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case.Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems devel oped then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem.In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well.If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case.Whereas if we are talking ab out the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If the re is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks.Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very sever e or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result.If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time.If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformat ionsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafterimplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anar chitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks.Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the betterresultsafteri mplementationof thesestepsarchitectureto develop a software program is required.Whenthese wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. If anarchitecture ofsoftware program isdesignedinsuchaway thatit issafefor security flexibility and other issues as well. If technology is implemented selected in an improved way thenaninformationsystemcan work well. If there areleaks in the design andprogrammingtactics and technologyimplementation then there would be alotofleak inthesystemas well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. In this way it can be saythatsoftwareprogramsthat developed to resolve a problem needsattention inall these metrics to work upon and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who isreliableandportable efficient andof strong functionality thenfulfillthe better requirement in this case. Whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. Thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the better results.

Project resource management

hurtle resource managementa) Direct approachs atomic number 18 the represents that are directly attributed to the cost of an activity. They are directly involved in the performance of such an activity. They include direct visible purchases, direct labour cost and other direct costs, which shag be attributed to a certain activity/ a process. Here, the direct cost includes, the cost of software, the cost of direct labour, force and other direct labour costs made on this project.Direct material purchasesCost of software $670000Cost of 6 emailprotected 3250 each is $19500Cost of backup software at $4500 each is $27000Direct labour (at $ 54 per labour hour)2 programmers each 40 hours is $43201 entropybase manager for 60 hours is $32402 project analysts for 250 hours is $270001 operations analysts for 20 hours is $10801 interface manager for 20 hours is 10801 net raceing analysts for 50 hours is $2700Total of direct project cost is $(670000+ 19500+ 27000+4320+3240+27000+1080+1080+2 700)General administration costs are the cost whose usance cannot be directly attributed to a specific activity. However, for this project, all expenses/ costs are manifested to be direct/ solely affiliated to the project hence they confine not been featured in this projectb) Time phased calculate is semipolitical platform of action, which shows confused components of activities in an organizational project in relation to the diverse cost components. This can be illustrated asActivity CostCost of software 603000Maintenance of software 67000Serves 19500Backup software 27000Programmers 4320Database manager 3240Project analysis 27000Operation analysts 1080Interface 1080Networking 2700Total 755920c) In determining this budget, the team up had to use mingled sets of data. Firstly, the importance of market cost of software inputs was considered. In all cases, its grievous for an organization to imagine a budget using the actual cost of a product or a assistance. This go away help to need an overview of the appropriate cost of these products or activities. Either, the pecuniary outlay is an equally grievous variant to consider when approximating a budget. For the team, importance was whence attached to the financial constraint, which could be used to finance the project. Budgets are limited to a specific cost shifting. Therefore, a person should always ensure that he flora out his budget within the limits of this financial constraint. (Hanniqan, Browne, 2000)d) The the true of these estimates was influenced by m both factors. Broadly, a number of attempts can act to influence the accuracy of a budget. Firstly, market risks and uncertainties will act effect to a budget. At the market, are various sets of risks and uncertainties whose influence can highly affect the actual state of a budget estimate. These markets are such as the product, labour, and money markets. Within the product market are the various risks that work to bring disequilibria i n the interpret and expect of the goods and services. These changes are normally in abrupt/ incidental in their occurrence. With such market instabilities, the equilibrium state of the impart and demand is consequently affected. Previously, the stable interactive forces of the demand and supply help to determine the equilibrium quantities and prices. With the resulting trends of instabilities, such budget approximates (prices) will be destabilized which results into a change state of the budgeted from the actual price of goods.The equilibrium state of the money market works to determine the stability in supply and demand for money. However, in case of instability within the economy, this equilibrium is affected resulting into a changing scale of the money supply and demand. Such a case will determine various states of a countries currency purchasing power (inflation and deflation). For this budget therefore, its accuracy could be highly affected by the changing states of the mo ney market (the effects of money supply and demand on its purchasing power)An important factor within the project cost is labour. Labour supply and demand is a factor of friendship in approximating the budget. The price of labour can be affected by the changing states of the market supply and demand for labour. Such changes will affect the pay (wages) for labour within an organization. For this budget, the forces within the market could other than influence the labour cost. (Badiru, 1993)The priority concept could be of a high influence on the accuracy of the budget. Depending on teams understanding on the priority concept of various cost elements, accuracy would have been compromised in a case where the cost variable was entered in a biased manner. Some cost factors could have been assumed more important than others, which would not be the case.Different political risk variables affect the cost factors of budgets. This is where, various political shocks may act to affect the state in which various cost results of the market brass would be. These are examples of the various government and political regulations that affect the costing system of various commodities and services. Different political risks as well as affect the purchasing power of the countries currency. The purchasing power of such a currency is an important factor in determining the accuracy of a budget. Since budget is a plan of white plague for a certain amount of money, the allocation is however vulnerable to changes depending on the changing prices of the requirements of the budget. The approximate level of risk premiums and allowances allocated by the budget. For accuracy in budget, a risk premium is allowed that helps to capture any external shocks that would therefore affect the actual state of the budget. However, this depends on the interest of the budgeter with varying premiums levels for such different budgets. For each premium, the lowest accuracy is different in regard to how s uch premiums would be able to capture these external shocks.E) forward engagement into a budget exercise, the little and macro factors should be considered. This is in the relevance of the issues that the project would have an influence at both within and outside environment. To this team, this concept application was not an exception. Within its micro approach, the team observed the influence of the project budget in relation to the external environment. It considered the various components that were to be related between the project and the entire national outlook as a whole. Since this is a hospital project, the broader community within the state will use it. The intensity of the project is depended on the scale of the service to be given as output by it. The scale of the project is been make in the cognition of the users to be served by the same. The material cost, the quality and intensity have also been subject to consideration in setting the budget.To the micro-level imp ortance has therefore been importance in determining this project. The micro-level consideration has been through an analysis of the factors (in wrong of facilities and resources) working within the hospital that depended of profit. Due to the variety of the resource factors, a specific size of a software project could only have been hoisted by the hospital facilities. With this aspect in mind, the project budgeting and valuation has therefore been done with the hospitals resource variable adequately in mind. The intensity of the initiation affiliated to the project is in congruent to the holding capacity of the resources. This has been the teams view of best resource allocations for most optimal benefits. With this concept therefore, the team budgeted the project with an understanding of the relative benefits that would come as service output of the project in relation to the resources. Lack of optimal costing would lead to start service output of the project in relation to th e cost input. (Martin, 2002)Lack of optimal costing would lead to disdain service benefits given out by the project. Either, resources include the holding capacity of the hospital facilities. Importance has also attached to the purchase of project inputs that would adequately lead to a maximum output, efficiency, quality and fast data processing by the software project.f) Within the project were a number of constraints that were highly affecting its efficiency. Basically, the constraints strike both within macro and micro level of the project. Firstly, the hospitals resources constraint was all an important constraint of consideration. The team understood that any un-optimal allocation of the project that would not concur with the project resource capacity was costly. This was the first consideration within the teams budget schedule for the project. In its understanding therefore, it felt that any un-optimal project expenditure was highly risk for its future benefits. Considering this however, the allocations were done in accordance to the prevailing resource situation of the hospital.Either, financial constraint fetched an important factor in consideration to the cost expenditure for the project. On recognizing the limited supply of the finance for the budget, the allocation were done on priority manner, with the most important cost factor been employed. Sourcing of material and other projects costs were budgeted in correspondence to the most economical purchasing costs for these variables. Costing is done on the cheapest scale possible through the most quality manner.With the impact of both the market and political risks factors as constraints in consideration, the team could not compromise on their priority. To the team, these risks played an important role in determining the accuracy of the budget plan. It therefore employed various risk premiums and allowances as a variable to capture the external shocks that could be on influence to the structure of t he budget. Within their budget scheme therefore, a miscellaneous cost variable could not have been left out whose importance was to cater for any changes in the exact cost perimeter of project cost.ReferencesHanninqan, C & Browne, M (2000) Project Management sacking the Distance. International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol.27Badiru,A(1993) Qualitative Models For Project Planning, Scheduling and Control.Westport,CT Quorum Books.Martin (2002) Managing Projects in Health and Social Care. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.

Bottled Water

Yizza Burgueno start-off Draft Instructor Michael Heumann English 101 March 26, 2013 Bottled piddle close to the Statesn see stored weewee as a necessity, even though bottled piss did not exist many a(prenominal) years ago. sw allow by of a pissing supply bottle has be keep d avouch the amount tipsiness source for most Ameri privys. We move everywhere become dep terminalent on b supplantable waste. pissing is emotional state sustaining, so many of us would trust that drunkenness irrigate system out of a bottle is harmless. unluckily it is not, there adopt been traces of court and BPA in the tractile containers we argon drunkenness out of. Both PET and BPA can stimulate sever health consequences. non only ar we putting our demeanor in jeopardy by drinking out of bottled pee plainly our planet as well. Plastic bottles dont conscionable vanish into thin air. or so Americans dont recycle, so most plastic bottles end up on streets, rivers, lakes, canals , streams, or oceans polluting our planet. Not only is bottled peeing itinerary to a greater extent than expensive than beg, it also contains the same piss attribute as tap wet. In otherwisewise words were just paying for the names on the plastic bottles. Rather than paying for quality, our tap water can arouse just nearly the same quality as bottled water. Bottled water is not all it is made out to be.We all need water to survive, specially when up to 60% of the human body is composed of it (USGS, 2009). urine is absolutely unavoidable to our planet. Approximately 75% of the earths surface is covered by water, but only 1% of that is drinkable (Soechtig, 2009). Hence, jolly drinkable water is not as easy to dismount as it may seem. Representative Dennis Kuchinich from Ohio states that, urine is a basic human right, its a necessary for survival of life. When you start commodifying the necessities of life in such a way as to make it to a greater extent(prenominal) d ifficult for wad to gain access, you withdraw the basis for serious political instability, (Soechtig, 2009).Water is no longitudinal a fundamental right, it has become bankable and exchange to tidy sum who already brace perfectly drinkable water coming out of their tap. spate ar shadeing at water as if it were gold and ar only looking for a way to profit off of it. Instead of waiting in agate line to drink from the water fountains, bulk are waiting in line at the stores to pay for besides priced bottled water. People are no longer drink out of water fountains or out their kitchen sinks because they commence the luxury of buying bottled water.Therefore, the demand for water fountains has decreased because of how easily it is to obtain bottled water. The more we buy bottled water, the more we are convinced that bottled water is not a luxury, but preferably a necessity (Gleick, 2010, p. 107). Although, drinking out of a plastic bottle can constitute twice as much, if no t more than the water that comes out of our kitchen sinks and public drinking fountains and may also harm not only our health but our planet as well, millions of people still keep buying and drinking out of bottled water. peter Gleick causality of Bottled and Sold the Story Behind our irresistible impulse with Bottled Water, wrote, certainly, the environmental problems with bottled water, the economic costs to pocketbooks, and the growing support for up(a) tap water quality and reliableness are all contributing to new thinking about the simple act of buying a plastic bottled water,(Gleick, 2010, p. 161). Bottled water was nonexistent many years ago. Elizabeth Royote mentions in her book, that people did not start base on balls down the streets with their water bottles until 1989 when water could be put in clear, lightweight bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Once that was created, bottled water skyrocketed in the 90s. Water sales tripled in size, from 4. 5 gallons pe r year for the average American in 1986, to 12. 7 gallons per person in 1997 (NRDC, 1999). In 2007, Americans bout more than 29 billion bottles of water (Soechtig, 2009). America has engraved into people heads that drinking tap water is not healthy and in fear of the people have turned to bottled water thinking its the better option for them. Some people have gone to drinking bottled water literally because they are touch on about their water, and the problem is they are unwitting of the fact that buying bottled water is not necessarily safe, that they end up being exposed to other chemical compounds, says Stephanie King (PH. D. , M. P. H. ) a cyanogenicologists and epidemiologist with Toxicology Inc. (Soechtig, 2009). Bottled water can actually lead to health concerns for those with weak repellent systems, (NRDC, 1999). Most water bottles are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer derived from oil that adds flexibility, color, and strength to plastic (Royote, 2 008, p. 48). another(prenominal) health risky ingredient in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic is Bisphenol A (BPA), a non steroidal estrogenic compound (Rubin, Murray, Damassa, King, and Soto, 2001). BPA can be found in many products such as sports bottles, baby bottles, and water coolers (Soechtig, 2009). Every American owns or has own a bottled that contained BPA, and because BPA mimics estrogen most bottles say they are BPA wanton. Bisphoenol A may be one of the most potent, toxic chemicals known to man. The problem is Bisphenol A acts at very low doses as an estrogen, (Soechtig, 2009).Both PET and BPA can be harming to Americans health, one leading to cancer and the other leading to the reproductive system. Ones life is not only in danger from drinking out of bottled water but the earths life as well. A large add of water is wasted to create plastic bottles plus the water used to fill it. The amounts of bottles produce are not nearly close to the amounts recycled. Of t he 80 million champion served bottles of water consumed daily, 30 million ends up in landfills (Soechtig, 2009). The other ends up all over the streets qualification their way to the ocean, lakes, rivers, canals.Etc. The average international cycle rate for beverages containers for the word is 50%, but the United States is 20% and this number has been declining (Soechtig, 2009). The cost to produce bottled water is twice as expensive as, if not more, than tap water. why waste more money on bottled water when people are already paying for it in the comfort of their own home. There is the cost of materials, production, and transportation. This energy cost is a thousand times big than the energy required to produce, process, treat, and deliver tap water, (Gleick, 2010, p. 5). Are we just paying for the brand of the bottle rather than the quality of the water? 40% of bottled water is really just filtered tap water (Soechtig, 2009). Meaning that if people added a filter to their tap they can have bottled water quality coming out of their own kitchen faucet for a lower price. Most bottled water labels show a beautiful picture of waterfalls or mountains with streams running through, portraying that thats where the water comes from but in all reality the bottled water People are drinking from doesnt come from afar.Yosemite water one the most popular bottled water in the Imperial Valley comes from Los Angeles California (Gleick, 2010, p. 110). Bottled water can cause illnesses, pollution, and costs lots of money. It may have the advantage of being accessible, but convenient is not outlay harming your health, making the earth less livable, or spending more money on something that can comes out of your kitchen faucet, which in most cases youre already paying for. Bottled water may look fancy or have a different degustation to it but its not worth all the consequences.Thats why bottled water is not all it is made out to be. Works Cited Gleick, Peter H. Bottled and Sold The Story behind Our Obsession with Bottled Water. Washington, Dc Island, 2010. Print. Olson, Erik D. Bottled Water. NRDC. NRDC, 1999. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. . Royte, Elizabeth. Bottlemania Big Business, Local Springs, and the Battle over Americas Drinking Water. New York Bloomsbury, 2009. Print. Rubin, B. S. , M. K. Murray, D. A. Damassa, J. C. King, and A. M. Soto. Abstract. study Center for Biotechnology Information. U. S. National Library of Medicine, 20 Dec. 2005. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. . Soechtig, Stephanie. Tapped. Tapped the photographic film Official Site . N. p. , 2009. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. . Us Geological Survey. The Water in You. Water Properties (Water Science for Schools). Us Geological Survey, Oct. 2009. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. .Bottled WaterYizza Burgueno First Draft Instructor Michael Heumann English 101 March 26, 2013 Bottled Water Most American see bottled water as a necessity, even though bottled water did not exist many years ago. Drinking out of a water bottle has b ecome the standard drinking source for most Americans. We have become dependent on plastic waste. Water is life sustaining, so many of us would think that drinking water out of a bottle is harmless. Regrettably it is not, there have been traces of PET and BPA in the plastic containers we are drinking out of. Both PET and BPA can stimulate sever health consequences.Not only are we putting our life in danger by drinking out of bottled water but our planet as well. Plastic bottles dont just vanish into thin air. Most Americans dont recycle, so most plastic bottles end up on streets, rivers, lakes, canals, streams, or oceans polluting our planet. Not only is bottled water way more expensive than tap, it also contains the same water quality as tap water. In other words were just paying for the names on the plastic bottles. Rather than paying for quality, our tap water can produce just about the same quality as bottled water. Bottled water is not all it is made out to be.We all need water to survive, especially when up to 60% of the human body is composed of it (USGS, 2009). Water is absolutely necessary to our planet. Approximately 75% of the earths surface is covered by water, but only 1% of that is drinkable (Soechtig, 2009). Hence, clean drinkable water is not as easy to get as it may seem. Representative Dennis Kuchinich from Ohio states that, Water is a basic human right, its a necessary for survival of life. When you start commodifying the necessities of life in such a way as to make it more difficult for people to gain access, you have the basis for serious political instability, (Soechtig, 2009).Water is no longer a fundamental right, it has become bankable and sold to people who already have perfectly drinkable water coming out of their tap. People are looking at water as if it were gold and are only looking for a way to profit off of it. Instead of waiting in line to drink from the water fountains, people are waiting in line at the stores to pay for overl y priced bottled water. People are no longer drink out of water fountains or out their kitchen sinks because they have the luxury of buying bottled water.Therefore, the demand for water fountains has decreased because of how easily it is to obtain bottled water. The more we buy bottled water, the more we are convinced that bottled water is not a luxury, but rather a necessity (Gleick, 2010, p. 107). Although, drinking out of a plastic bottle can cost twice as much, if not more than the water that comes out of our kitchen sinks and public drinking fountains and may also harm not only our health but our planet as well, millions of people still keep buying and drinking out of bottled water.Peter Gleick author of Bottled and Sold the Story Behind our Obsession with Bottled Water, wrote, certainly, the environmental problems with bottled water, the economic costs to pocketbooks, and the growing support for improving tap water quality and reliability are all contributing to new thinking a bout the simple act of buying a plastic bottled water,(Gleick, 2010, p. 161). Bottled water was nonexistent many years ago. Elizabeth Royote mentions in her book, that people did not start walking down the streets with their water bottles until 1989 when water could be put in clear, lightweight bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Once that was created, bottled water skyrocketed in the 90s. Water sales tripled in size, from 4. 5 gallons per year for the average American in 1986, to 12. 7 gallons per person in 1997 (NRDC, 1999). In 2007, Americans bout more than 29 billion bottles of water (Soechtig, 2009). America has engraved into people heads that drinking tap water is not healthy and in fear of the people have turned to bottled water thinking its the healthier option for them. Some people have gone to drinking bottled water literally because they are concerned about their water, and the problem is they are unaware of the fact that buying bottled water is not necessari ly safe, that they end up being exposed to other chemical compounds, says Stephanie King (PH. D. , M. P. H. ) a toxicologists and epidemiologist with Toxicology Inc. (Soechtig, 2009). Bottled water can actually lead to health concerns for those with weak immune systems, (NRDC, 1999). Most water bottles are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer derived from oil that adds flexibility, color, and strength to plastic (Royote, 2008, p. 48). Another health risky ingredient in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic is Bisphenol A (BPA), a non steroidal estrogenic compound (Rubin, Murray, Damassa, King, and Soto, 2001). BPA can be found in many products such as sports bottles, baby bottles, and water coolers (Soechtig, 2009). Every American owns or has own a bottled that contained BPA, and because BPA mimics estrogen most bottles say they are BPA free. Bisphoenol A may be one of the most potent, toxic chemicals known to man. The problem is Bisphenol A acts at very low dose s as an estrogen, (Soechtig, 2009).Both PET and BPA can be harming to Americans health, one leading to cancer and the other leading to the reproductive system. Ones life is not only in danger from drinking out of bottled water but the earths life as well. A large amount of water is wasted to create plastic bottles plus the water used to fill it. The amounts of bottles produce are not nearly close to the amounts recycled. Of the 80 million single served bottles of water consumed daily, 30 million ends up in landfills (Soechtig, 2009). The other ends up all over the streets making their way to the ocean, lakes, rivers, canals.Etc. The average international recycling rate for beverages containers for the word is 50%, but the United States is 20% and this number has been declining (Soechtig, 2009). The cost to produce bottled water is twice as expensive as, if not more, than tap water. Why waste more money on bottled water when people are already paying for it in the comfort of their ow n home. There is the cost of materials, production, and transportation. This energy cost is a thousand times larger than the energy required to produce, process, treat, and deliver tap water, (Gleick, 2010, p. 5). Are we just paying for the brand of the bottle rather than the quality of the water? 40% of bottled water is really just filtered tap water (Soechtig, 2009). Meaning that if people added a filter to their tap they can have bottled water quality coming out of their own kitchen faucet for a lower price. Most bottled water labels show a beautiful picture of waterfalls or mountains with streams running through, portraying that thats where the water comes from but in all reality the bottled water People are drinking from doesnt come from afar.Yosemite water one the most popular bottled water in the Imperial Valley comes from Los Angeles California (Gleick, 2010, p. 110). Bottled water can cause illnesses, pollution, and costs lots of money. It may have the advantage of being co nvenient, but convenient is not worth harming your health, making the earth less livable, or spending more money on something that can comes out of your kitchen faucet, which in most cases youre already paying for. Bottled water may look fancy or have a different taste to it but its not worth all the consequences.Thats why bottled water is not all it is made out to be. Works Cited Gleick, Peter H. Bottled and Sold The Story behind Our Obsession with Bottled Water. Washington, Dc Island, 2010. Print. Olson, Erik D. Bottled Water. NRDC. NRDC, 1999. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. . Royte, Elizabeth. Bottlemania Big Business, Local Springs, and the Battle over Americas Drinking Water. New York Bloomsbury, 2009. Print. Rubin, B. S. , M. K. Murray, D. A. Damassa, J. C. King, and A. M. Soto. Abstract. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U. S. National Library of Medicine, 20 Dec. 2005. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. . Soechtig, Stephanie. Tapped. Tapped the Movie Official Site . N. p. , 2009. Web. 1 9 Mar. 2013. . Us Geological Survey. The Water in You. Water Properties (Water Science for Schools). Us Geological Survey, Oct. 2009. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. .