EMU and the UK essays

EMU and the UK articles The possibility of a solitary money has just been referenced in 1957 when the European Union was established. During the next years a few conversations about a Monetary Union occurred, yet with no accomplishments. The initial moves towards the EMU were just made in 1992, when the individuals from the EC met in Maastricht. A plan for the advancement of the EMU was made there. In the years after the bargain the planning started. In 1999 trade rates were unavoidably fixed and exchanges began to be conceivable in Euros. The Eurozone comprised of 11 part states as of now, Greece turned into the twelfth part in 2001. In December 2001 occupants of the Eurozone could get purported starter-packs containing Euro-coins. In January 2002 likewise banknotes were presented and in March 2002 the national monetary standards got invalid. (Stylist and Naimark, 2001) Since the establishment of the European Monetary Union in 1992 there have consistently been contentions for and against a solitary cash. Regardless of all analysis the Euro is reality in twelve nations now. This reality has the two points of interest and inconveniences. The most evident positive contention for the Euro is that exchange costs are spared. This worries individuals who are voyaging abroad inside the Eurozone, yet over all organizations that import or fare to other EMU nations. (Wren-Lewis, 2001) For firms that import or fare a lot of the exchange costs are sizable and are halfway given to shoppers through higher prizes. (Eudey, 1998). Along these lines, through the single money buyers will show signs of improvement costs. Estimations state that through the Euro 0,5 % of EC's GDP (Stavridis et al., 1996) or $ 30 Billion every year (Salvatore, 2002) will be spared. Another significant reality is that the single money takes out the conversion scale uncertainty.This should expand exchange, as swapping scale chance methods a shrouded cost on the exchange. (Eudey, 1998) Research has proposed that the Euro will help exchange by the factor of three... <!

The Mathematics of Bubbles in Beer :: Math Carbonation

Refraction Refraction is the thing that happens to light when it goes starting with one medium then onto the next. For instance, things show up uniquely in contrast to the base of a pool than on the top. Shortsightedly, refraction is the bowing of light. The clarification for this wonder, be that as it may, can be depicted with light as beams and light as waves. Regardless of the case, recall that the speed of light is consistent in each homogeneous medium, paying little mind to shape, size or structure. The record of refraction Light ventures ( in specific substances ) at a small amount of the speed on the off chance that it went in a vacuum. The record of refraction is the reverse of this division. Therefore, this number is more noteworthy than or equivalent to 1. This list is additionally explicit to light, so unique light in various mediums have distinctive lists. For instance, here is a table of files: Material Index Vacuum 1.00000 Air at STP 1.00029 Ice 1.31 Water at 20 C 1.33 Acetone 1.36 Ethyl alcohol 1.36 Sugar solution(30%) 1.38 Diamond 2.417 So how about we watch the impact of refraction as far as beams. A beam strikes the surface between substance I and substance R. The point I between the approaching beam and the typical vector at the limit is known as the edge of frequency, and the edge r between the refracted beam and the ordinary vector on the contrary side is known as the edge of refraction. This is connected in the accompanying law, called Snell's Law: ni sin I = nr sin r. For red light in air hitting water this gives sin r = sin I/1.33 Comprehending for Snell's Law for r gives the connection r = arcsin (sin I/n) Express Calculation In straightforward beam following, a beam starts at a point P at a directional vector v, which is of unit length. This is the arrangement of all focuses P+tv where t is a non-negative scalar. At the point when the beam hits the limit between two distinct substances, it will refract, and start another beam. The Mathematics of Bubbles in Beer :: Math Carbonation Refraction Refraction is the thing that happens to light when it goes starting with one medium then onto the next. For instance, things show up uniquely in contrast to the base of a pool than on the top. Straightforwardly, refraction is the bowing of light. The clarification for this marvel, be that as it may, can be depicted with light as beams and light as waves. Regardless of the case, recollect that the speed of light is steady in each homogeneous medium, paying little mind to shape, size or structure. The list of refraction Light voyages ( in specific substances ) at a small amount of the speed in the event that it went in a vacuum. The record of refraction is the opposite of this part. Subsequently, this number is more noteworthy than or equivalent to 1. This list is likewise explicit to light, so extraordinary light in various mediums have distinctive lists. For instance, here is a table of lists: Material Index Vacuum 1.00000 Air at STP 1.00029 Ice 1.31 Water at 20 C 1.33 Acetone 1.36 Ethyl alcohol 1.36 Sugar solution(30%) 1.38 Diamond 2.417 So we should watch the impact of refraction regarding beams. A beam strikes the surface between substance I and substance R. The edge I between the approaching beam and the typical vector at the limit is known as the point of occurrence, and the edge r between the refracted beam and the ordinary vector on the contrary side is known as the edge of refraction. This is connected in the accompanying law, called Snell's Law: ni sin I = nr sin r. For red light in air hitting water this gives sin r = sin I/1.33 Explaining for Snell's Law for r gives the connection r = arcsin (sin I/n) Express Calculation In straightforward beam following, a beam starts at a point P at a directional vector v, which is of unit length. This is the arrangement of all focuses P+tv where t is a non-negative scalar. At the point when the beam hits the limit between two unique substances, it will refract, and start another beam.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Morals - Essay Example In a general public, this is applied to embracing approaches which should serve the best number of individuals or most of the populace and the strategy that would be untaken ought to have a net impact of expanding satisfaction.  Advocates of libertarian standards, by differentiate commonly reprimand any distributive perfect that requires the quest for financial ‘patterns’, for example, amplification or uniformity of government assistance or of material products. They contend that the quest for such examples clashes with the more significant good requests of freedom or self-proprietorship (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). I am increasingly disposed to agree with utilitarian equity since it is progressively relevant in today’s current society that any demonstration, approach or thought should serve the best number of individuals. It has additionally useful applications which in truth is even utilized today such the idea of dynamic tax collection which is trul y Rawl’s thought of distributive equity since this tax collection takes more from the rich and gives them more to the person who has less. 2. Clarify as completely as you can John Rawls â€Å"Theory of Justice† Do you concur with hypothesis of equity? Why or why not?â In Rawl’s hypothesis of equity, he advance two sorts of equity which is the legitimacy hypothesis which as the title proposes, rewards the individual relying on one’s commitment to society. The other which is progressively pertinent to this case is the need hypothesis which sets that society has a commitment to help different citizenry who are in need which will â€Å"balance† their impeded position. In his Theory of Justice, Rawl imagines a â€Å"society of free residents holding equivalent essential rights participating inside a populist monetary system† (STandford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).â Thus, the issue of redistributive equity follows this rule our administration should redistribute riches for the reasons for making the dispersion of merchandise increasingly equivalent. This guideline of redistributive equity isn't just perfect yet additionally has reasonable ramifications. Perfect on the grounds that the imbalances of society will be tended to through government components, for example, gathering more expenses from the individuals who gains all the more so it can offer more to the individuals who have less. I concur with Rawl’s hypothesis of equity due to its reasonable ramifications that it limits or blunts the reason for social changes which is imbalance, bad form and destitution. We as a whole realize that the disorderly nations in the Third Worlds are completely brought about by these components; across the board destitution, bad form and disparity. By expelling or limiting the evil impact of broad disparity through the government’s intercession, society will turn out to be progressively steady and less inclined to social changes on the grounds that the individuals who have less, will likewise have less motivation to whine and dissent against the legislature. Components in the public arena who need to plant discontent, mayhem or fear won't likewise succeed on the grounds that the individuals are thoughtful to the legislature and they can't be unsettled to conflict with the administration since they don't feel the unfairness and destitution of which confusion, turmoil and dread varieties. The other viable ramifications of this redistributive equity is that there will be more noteworthy social portability in the public eye where individuals has equivalent opportunity to succeed regardless of whether they have less in light of the fact that the legislature will fill in the social condition where their destitution won't

Theoretical Orientation Cognitive And Humanistic...

Theoretical Orientation Theoretical orientation has been a topic of great debate for this author, over the course of her graduate school experience. During the beginning of her graduate school journey, she was open minded, yet very set in her ways. The last four years have been an experience that has helped to shape her original rigid theory into a well-rounded, applicable theory. This case specifically, was chosen to show her growth in both her approach to treatment and diagnosis. This author took quite a bit of flak for her belief in what she originally thought was behavioral therapy. What she thought she knew as the truth about behavioral therapy and what she learned about theoretical orientations really opened her world up. What she found was that her belief and love for behavioral interventions could be expanded and enriched by adding in aspects of other theoretical orientations such as cognitive and humanistic orientations. Even individuals who are significantly impaired cognit ively can have their treatment enhanced by adding in a cognitive component, along with some much needed patience. This has brought the author to ultimately be grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy. Being grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy has led the author to study and read works from Dr. Albert Ellis and Dr. Arnold Goldstein. Although these individuals are very different, they are also alike in many ways and lead this author to her theoretical orientation. Dr. Ellis emphasizesShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Theoretical Orientations1612 Words   |  7 PagesTheoretical Orientation There are several different types of theoretical orientations that a student may choose to identify him or herself with. Although students may choose a specific theoretical orientation they may change their orientation later on in their academic career depending on their perspective of the field. Each orientation is equal, neither orientation is better than the other. Just because a person picks a certain orientation doesn’t mean that their psychological assessment will beRead MoreCognitive Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagespsychotherapy as a discipline and theoretical body of knowledge, there has been many different psychotherapies developed and practiced. Some psychotherapies share similarities and, at times, use the same mechanisms of change (e.g., cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy) while other psychotherapies are fundamentally distinct from each other (e.g., psychoanalysis and acceptance and commitment therapy). The integration of the mechanisms and theoretical basses of two or more psychotherapiesRead MoreFactors Role In Evidence Based Practice959 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishment of psychoanalytic therapy, and throughout the modern era of psychology there has been a strong tradition of following one of the Grand Theories. During this time, many practitioners exhibited considerable dogmatic allegiance to theoretical orientations (Norcross Goldfried, 2005). As the field of psychology matured into the post-modern era, there has been a shift away from factionalism and parochialism toward one of open dialogue (Safran Messer, 1997). Norcross and Garfried (2005)Read MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 Pagespsychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many different subfield specialties. Influence on Psychology’s Major Concepts Diversity is off great influence on the major concepts in psychology. The cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and humanistic perspectives provide diverseRead MoreA Theory Based On The Art Of Loving, Albert Rogers, And Maslow1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper was to conceptualize a theory based upon existing ideas to create something unique. My theoretical view is based around the foundation and work of three theorist; Fromm, Rogers, and Maslow. Each individual presented a unique aspect, idea, or theory that was instrumental to the construction of my own. It does not have a working title but I can tell you that it most definitely has a purpose and a set of ideals that I believe will and can improve the lives of many. My theoryRead MoreClinical Versus Counseling Psychology2178 Words   |  9 PagesLopez, Campbell, Himmell, 1986). Theoretical Orientations In one of our recent studies (Bechtoldt et al., 2000), we compared the theoretical orientations and employment settings of APAs Division 12 (Clinical) and 17 (Counseling) psychologists (N = 1,389). These results are summarized in Table 1. Again, the convergence was more impressive than the divergence: 29% of both divisions embraced the eclectic/integrative orientation and 26% endorsed the cognitive orientation. However, clinical psychologistsRead MoreTeaching and Learning Are Interrelated2359 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen extensively researched and there are many theoretical perspectives. If teachers are to be effective then they need to understand these five theories and put them into practice every day. Each must be individually recognised and taken into account. These include behaviourist orientations to learning, cognitive orientations to learning, humanistic orientations to learning, social/situational orientations to learning and constructivist orientations to learning. The behaviourist approach to learningRead MoreMy Own Beliefs And Values1808 Words   |  8 Pageswhich I see the world around me, I have come to a better understanding of the theory and the theoretical paradigm that best fits my personality and views. Though I identify with different aspects of several of the theories we have covered, I feel most drawn to the Humanistic-Existential paradigm and believe that an integration of Existential, Person-Centered, and Gestalt therapy through the theoretical orientation of Emotion-Focused therapy by Leslie Greenberg best suites my views and values. Many factorsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology - Behaviour That Is Not Socially Acceptable962 Words   |  4 Pages Stated and unstated rules for proper conduct in a given society or culture Distress According to many clinical guidelines, behavior must be personally distressing before it can be labeled abnormal Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning Example: Personality Disorders Eating Disorders Psychosis Dysfunction Abnormal behavior tends to be dysfunctional – it interferes with daily functioning Read MoreA Brief Comparison of Historical Paths for the Clinical and Counselling Streams of Psychology2301 Words   |  10 Pagespsychoanalytic theoretical orientations when treating clients (Norcross, 2000). In contrast, counselling psychologists generally aim to support people who, while not typically suffering from severe mental illness, need assistance in overcoming the emotions associated with traumas such as loss of employment, marital dissatisfaction, loss of friend or family member, addiction (Geldard Geldard, 2012; Gladding, 2013). Primarily they employ client-centered and humanistic methods of theoretical orientation (Geldard

Juvenile Justice Systems Courts and Corrections - 2319 Words

Across the United States, the juvenile justice system’s courts and corrections are scattered with ineffective strategies that are formed which instead increases crime, the nation’s youth are endangered and the future of this country are damaged, billions of taxpayer dollars are put down the drain, and most importantly our mission for equal justice under the law is compromised. Over the past couple of decades, our understanding of how to take on delinquency has expanded in many different forms such as its policy work. But how effective are these works? Amongst all kinds of policy that affect exposed families and their children, Juvenile Justice is atop the list, suffering division in regards to what is the best form of action versus common action. In other words it is between what we as people know works and what the system most often do that aren’t as successful. Our system relies heavily on incarceration and detention, we should instead focus our resources into proven strategies that are cost efficient, increase our public safety, and also look to increase the success of youth that become involved with the juvenile courts. Immediate attention should be enforced and required in combating abuse in juvenile facilities as well as reducing racial disparities. Juvenile Justice is mainly a state and local responsibility, but the Federal government can contribute in a pivotal way. In many cases state and local have a shortage in financial resources, which leads them to seekShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Vs. Adult Corrections939 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile vs. Adult Corrections The correctional justice system of the United States focused to keep crime out of the streets. The age group divides once the criminal becomes eighteen or above, but sometimes the lines are drawn at the age eighteen to determine if the criminal is convicted of a crime as a juvenile or as an adult. The system allows a rehabilitation facility to maintain criminals from relapsing an offense they have done or will do in the future. Although, criminals charged as an adultRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And The Juvenile Court System1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system varies from the adult justice system in many ways. For more than a century, the states have believed that the juvenile justice system was a means to ensuring public safety, by establishing and implementing a system that responds to children as they are maturing into adulthood. Today’s youths, however, are increasingly committing more serious crimes that in turn are raising the public’s critic ism concerning the modern juvenile justice system. There are those who are inRead MoreJuvenile Justice System Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system is a foundation in society that is granted certain powers and responsibilities. It faces several different tasks, among the most important is maintaining order and preserving constitutional rights. When a juvenile is arrested and charged with committing a crime there are many different factors that will come in to play during the course of his arrest, trial, conviction, sentencing, and rehabilitation process. This paper examines the Juvenile Justice System’s court processRead MoreJuvenile Justice System1739 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system is a foundation in society that is granted certain powers and responsibilities. It faces several different tasks, among the most important is maintaining order and preserving constitutional rights. When a juvenile is arrested and charged with committing a crime there are many different factors that will come in to play during the course of his arrest, trial, conviction, sentencing, and rehabilitation process. This paper examines the Juvenile Justice System’s court processRead MoreCjs 240 Intro to Juvenile Justice the Juvenile Justice Systems Need to Focus on Rehabilitation1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation The Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation Amanda R. Molnar Axia College of the University of Phoenix The Juvenile Justice System Needs to Focus on Rehabilitation The juvenile justice system has long been in debate over whether its focus should be rehabilitation or punishment. From its birth in the early 20th century, the juvenile justice system has changed its focus from punishment to rehabilitation and backRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And For Reducing Juvenile Crime Rates2187 Words   |  9 Pagesincarceration. Over the past 25 years, juvenile crime has skyrocketed, with drug crimes, gang violence, school shootings, and other violent acts being regularly featured in the news. During the past 10 years, nearly all 50 states have overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults. However, in addressing crime, there must be an effective balance between deterrence, prevention, and punishment. This paper analyzes the juvenile justice system and the effectiveness ofRead MoreDifferences Of The Juvenile Justice System2009 Words   |  9 PagesThe juvenile justice system is similar to the criminal justice system. This system is where juveniles are processed, and may be arrested after referrals for juvenile delinquency. Juvenile justice is very different in every state and can be very similar as well because every system has limited jurisdiction and that most focus is on the offenders and not their offenses. Therefore, there are 51 juvenile justice systems in the United States. The United States has the juvenile justice system because childrenRead MoreWhat was the social and historical context in which the juvenile court was created?2464 Words   |  10 Pagessocial and historical context in which the juvenile court was created? What has been the fundamental difference between the procedures used in juvenile courts and those employed in criminal (adult) courts? Juvenile Court, authority charged with the disposition of legal actions involving children. One hundred years ago, the Illinois legislature enacted the Illinois Juvenile Court Act (1899 Ill. Laws 132 et seq.), creating the first separate juvenile court. The policy debates raging around the countryRead More Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay3001 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Juvenile delinquency is a relatively new phenomenon. For this reason, society’s reactions and solutions to the problem of delinquency are also modern developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of juvenile rehabilitation and correction. One of many unique programs within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarcerationRead MoreRate of Juvenile Offenses and the Juvenile Justice System2066 Words   |  9 Pagesmatter. Since the juvenile court’s introduction in 1899, there have been arguments over whether or not the court is productive in treating juveniles. Brazill’s case illustrates the view that the juvenile court is not effective, or is not sufficient to deal with situations as grave as Brazill’s. This is apparent in the detail that he was taken to adult court as a 13-year-old as are against to being tried in juvenile court. The recent move in the direction of trying more juveniles as adults is a

Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling

Professional experience in my career so far as well as personal experience receiving therapeutic counseling have given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also I believe that the counselor creates the trusting relationship where poor choices and failed attempts to meet goals can be explored and utilized by the client to move forward with lessons learned. It is difficult for me to choose a theory or two as I believe I have been influenced over many years by many different schools of thought. Much of my career prior to working as a case coordinator in the Wisconsin Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, was at Job Corps working with disadvantaged youth. Training for staff at Job Corps focused on motivating youth and particularly on youth at risk, so there was an element that took from counseling theory within that training. For example, one training and philosophy at Job Corps was described with the following terms: rigor + relevance + relationship = results. I still adhere to the concepts of rigor (rapid engagement), relevance (selecting appropriate action steps or methods), relationships (the relationship between professional and client must be a healthy one and otherShow MoreRelatedCareer And Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling878 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional experience in my career and personal experience re ceiving therapeutic counseling has given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also, I believe that the counselor creates the trustingRead MoreA Research On Group Therapy996 Words   |  4 Pagesare able to experience different group stages and dynamics within the diverse groups they are a part of in the institutions of family, education, religion, work and community among others. Undoubtedly, these groups and their functions play an integral role in one’s development which inevitably creates a sense of belongingness and purpose. Accordingly, some of these benefits are derived from individuals within a therapeutic setting where group therapy has been effectively used in counseling for severalRead MoreProfessional identity and career paper1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthings such as criminal or sexual behavior. A counselor must communicate positive feel back while withholding judgments. When encountering people of different cultural backgrounds, Counselors must refrain from pushing their personal cultural view/values on them. The counseling process should take place in a safe and intimate environment. Research-Oriented – Research is an ongoing process it does not end upon completion of your degree it only begins. A counselor has to stay current on research inRead MoreA Synthesis Of Supervision Definitions Proposed By Lambie And Sias1449 Words   |  6 PagesClinical counseling supervision has an integral role in the professional and personal development of counselors-in-training, referred to here as supervisees. Many definitions of the term supervision exist in counselor education literature and most researchers agree that supervision in an d of itself is an intervention (Bernard Goodyear, 2014). A synthesis of supervision definitions proposed by Lambie and Sias (2009) best describes my view of supervision and role as clinical supervisor: SupervisionRead MoreAn Interview With A Counselor Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Counseling is defined as †the use of therapeutic strategies to help clients address personal concerns and mental health issues† (Nystul, 2016). Pursuing counseling as a career involves many years of formal study and certification or licensure. After receiving licensure to practice as a professional counselors it is a requirement to maintain involvement and certification in certain associations in order to hold your license. These association often require further education and/or professionalRead MoreWhat I Learned During This Counseling And Communication Skills982 Words   |  4 Pages506. During this course I worked on acquiring basic counseling and communication skills, have an awareness of multicultural differences, awareness of professional identity and have a basic understanding of the dynamics in psychotherapy. Each week I was asked to hold counseling sessions with my peers and other week we taped our counseling session for review and transcription. During these tapings I was asked to demonstrate communication and counseling skills learned in this course. I was also expectedRead MorePerson Centered Therapy1170 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of person-centered therapy. His focus on the importance of the client-counselor relationship has had an influence on both theorists and practitioners. The following chart describes the personal and professional development of Carl Rogers. As he changed and developed, so did person-centered therapy. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND POSITIONS PROFESSIONAL INFLUENCES Developmental Stage Born in 1902 in a suburb of Chicago Fourth of six children Religious fundamental upbringing Adolescent interestRead MoreEssay about Film Report On American Me: A Therapeutic Perspective1251 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Report on American Me: A Therapeutic Perspective American Me is a fictional film having a factual basis, starring and directed by Edward James Olmos. Released to the national theater circuit in 1992, American Me depicts the life of Rodolfo Cadena, a ranking Carnal (gang member) in the prison gang La Eme, also known as the Mexican Mafia. To therapeutically approach the salience and pervasiveness of gang membership, including its allure and reinforcers, would be aRead MoreFilm Report on American Me: a Therapeutic Perspective1294 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Report on â€Å"American Me†: A Therapeutic Perspective Taj Gunter: March 2008 â€Å"American Me† is a fictional film having a factual basis, starring and directed by Edward James Olmos. Released to the national theater circuit in 1992, â€Å"American Me† depicts the life of Rodolfo Cadena, a ranking Carnal (gang member) in the prison gang La Eme, also known as the Mexican Mafia. To therapeutically approach the salience and pervasiveness ofRead MoreCode of Ethics for Marriage and Family Therapists964 Words   |  4 Pagesethics are of great importance, there are a few points in the code that especially resonated with me. First of all, there is a distinct responsibility to patients that must be upheld so that therapeutic services are used appropriately. Efforts need to be made to ensure that the rights of the individuals receiving therapy are respected. An integral part of this patient responsibility is that the therapist does not partake in any form of discrimination toward any patients or potential patients based on

Research Analysis Common Chronic Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Research Analysis for Common Chronic Diseases. Answer: Introduction The diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the modern form of that is caused due to the elevated level of glucose in the blood. According to Scirica et al. (2013), there are several other physical complications that are associated with the diabetes like cardiac disorders, high blood pressure, problems with vision and many more. The control measure that is taken to cure diabetes depends on the amount of glucose that is present within the body. The intensive insulin therapy is carried out by injecting insulin into the blood, which is necessary for controlling the high blood glucose level. It is also essential to keep the diabetic patient under continuous glucose monitoring process. In this essay, comparative analysis of two journal articles that are related to the treatment of diabetes is done. In the first article, by the agency named Nice-Sugar Study Investigators, (2009) the authors have compared the difference and similarities between the conventional and intensive form of glucose treatment. On the other hand, in the second article by Preiser et al. (2009), the authors have mentioned about the randomized trial of the tight glucose control that is being practiced in the Intensive care Unit. The interpretation of the methods and data collection method that is being used along with the result is done in the essay. There is also many similarities and differences in the two articles that are also mentioned in the essay. The comparison of the result of the research work with the evidence-based literature is an important part that can be applied in the nursing practice. Article 1: Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients The researchers have conducted the random method of trial method to collect samples from the surgical patients, who are admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospitals. The patients from 42 hospitals out of which, there are 38 academic tertiary care hospitals and other 4 is community-based hospitals. The ethical issue is one of the prime concerns of a research work, which ensures that the investigators have not adapted any unfair practice to collect data or information for the research work. In this case, the ethics committee of the Sydney University and the University of British Columbia along with every participating healthcare institutes have approved the method of the study. Hence, it can be said the investigators have followed ethical rules to ensure that the result of the analysis is correct and accurate. With the help of random analysis, it is possible for the investigators to accurately and impartially compare the result of the intensive and conventional glucose control. The intravenous injection is being used to accurately control the glucose level of blood. This will help to measure the change in the glucose level after the treatment is done. The data that were collected were verified with the monitors of glucose measurement of the healthcare center. The researchers had checked the medical history of the individual diabetic patient that helped them to compare the effect of intensive insulin theory. The previous treatment history of the patient was also verified, which was useful in comparing the result of each individual form of diabetic treatment. The monitoring of the glucose level of blood of individual patient was until 90 days after discharge from the ICU. The study result was done based on the sample that is collected from 6100 patients. This helped the researchers to gain accuracy in the statistical part of the research, which is nearly 90%. The researchers also gave special attention to data collection that the data, to ensure that no important information gets omitted. The chi-square test that is used in the analysis is of unadjusted type and thus is not able to provide an accurate result. The ratio measurement t ools that are used in this case, includes the Welch's test and Wilcoxon sum or rank test. These tools helped the researchers to get accurate results and therefore, the comparison can be done with full efficiency. It was also essential for the researchers to ensure that the out of all the total participants almost equal number of patients were assigned in the to take conventional glucose control test and intensive glucose control so that it is possible to compare the result of each test with sufficient amount of data. The patients, who are receiving the intensive treatment for diabetes, are provided with a higher dosage of glucose compared to that of the patients undergoing a conventional form of treatment. The researchers had obtained similar type of outcomes for both intensive and conventional type of glucose control. In spite of providing intensive care for glucose, 829 patients died. Thus it can be said that when the blood glucose level reaches to new level, it is not possible to cure a patient even after providing intensive care. Perkovic et al. (2013), believes that with the help of the intensive insulin therapy, it is possible to minimize the risks that are associated with diabetes. However, Miller et al. (2014), on the other hand, mentioned that the intensive care for diabetes can be effective only if the patient follows a strict schedule. Thus, it can be said that the patients, who were in the sample size of the research, were not able to follow a strict schedule that was necessary. There is also the risk of hypoglycemia is associated with the intensive form of treatment. Hence, it is important for the doctors to be extra careful while providing intensive insulin treatment. Nev ertheless, Umpierrez et al. (2015) have shown that with proper time and regular monitoring, it is possible to make the best use of the intensive insulin therapy, which is more effective in case of type I diabetes. The overall result that was obtained at the end of the research work is different from that of the meta-analysis of the intensive insulin therapy. The patients, who were given a high dosage of insulin, have higher risks of facing hypoglycemia. The algorithms that were used in the analysis have helped to provide accurate results as it helped the researchers to compare the result from the baseline of glucose measurement in blood. Another advantage of the findings of this analysis is the greater statistical power it possesses compared to all the previously done trials. Hence, it can be said that the accuracy of the result that is obtained is much more compared to previously done research works. However, there are many side-effects that are associated with the intensive form of treatment as most of the patients in this category had faced cardiac related disorders. The intensive glucose care thus may be an active process of controlling the blood glucose level in diabetic patients. The amount that is injected into the patient is of 180 mg or less so that it is possible to get effective result. It is also important for the nurse to regularly monitor the glucose level in the blood so that it is possible to check the effect of treatment. On the other hand, the risks those are associated with the intensive glucose control need to minimize by the nurse with help of effective skills. Proper and accurate diagnosis is essential so that it is possible to provide accurate treatment. The researcher has also suggested avoiding the use of intensive control insulin therapy as there are essential risks that are associated with this treatment. Article 2: A prospective randomized multi-center controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucotrol study Management of stress-related hyperglycemia was re-emerged after gaining improved outcomes in critically ill patients. The purpose of this research is to compare the effects of intensive insulin therapy with an intermediate glucose control on ICU mortality. The optimal target for glucose control in ICU patients has not been clearly discussed in previous literature. Thus, this study will present the management of glucose in ICU patients (Preiser et al. 2009). Since the report of the improved outcomes related to intensive insulin therapy has been published to tight glucose control in intensive care units, the IIT therapy has been recommended by several health agencies. However, the technique has several issues, in spite of its easy accessibility and inexpensiveness; it is a labor-intensive technique, along with some issues that can limit its external validity and benefits. Thus, this study has significant importance to test the hypothesis that IIT can improve the survival or patients re siding in intensive care units (ICU), compared to glucose control target of 7.8-10 mmol/L. The control target was selected for preventing the adverse effect of severe hyperglycemia and reducing the risk of the hypoglycaemia. The study included a randomized control trial including adult patients who were admitted to 21 participating medico-surgical ICUs. The patient recruitment for the study was started in November 2004. The study was managed well, as it has been approved by the institutional review board of each participating hospital. Informed consent was provided to each participant; respective national standards for informed consent have been followed. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study participation have been analyzed and these are significant for this study. It has been seen that patients under 18 years old have been excluded for avoiding additional complications; a patient with a life expectancy lower than 24 hours has also been excluded from the study. The primary endpoint of selection was all-cause related to ICU mortality. The group 1 has been designated for the control group; the data were recorded in the preliminary survey, which helped the author to calculate the sample size n eeded for detecting a 4% decrease in mortality with an error rate of 5%. The sampling was analyzed for understanding. The study design was randomized control trial. Two groups were set, for group 1, the blood glucose target was set for 7.8-10.0 mmol/L and for group 2, BG target was set 4.4-6.1 mmol/L. However, due to unintended protocol violations, the trial was stopped early after 1101 admission. A total of 551 patients were assigned to group 1 (LIT) and 550 patients to group 2 (IIT), whereas 542 samples were analyzed in group 1 and 536 samples were analyzed in group 2. From this analysis, it can be said that the study design was appropriate. A thorough monitoring of patients was done during the study from ICU admission to the discharge of the patient from ICU. The study protocol was applied during the time of admission. The data randomization and stratification provide the justification for the validity of data collection methods. The vital outcomes of patients were recorded until patient's discharge or the 28th day of ICU admission. For hourly monitoring, Roche Diagnostics tool has been used, which has shown to provide accurate results in previous studies (Peyrot et al. 2012). The authors defined the rate of hypoglycemia as the proportion of patients experiencing minimum one episode of hypoglycemia. For comparing with other trials, the percentage of morning BG values was calculated within the assigned range. The statistical analysis was also done. Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test has been reported to be used for comparing the inter-quartile ranges and m edians of variables. In addition, for enhancing the reliability of these data, the author used student- t test for comparing the normally distributed continuous variables Standard deviation and men values (Van den Berghe et al. 2006). Chi-square test was used by the authors for comparing categorical variables. To reduce the chance of the influence of variations in sampling intervention, a univariable and multi-variable regression was performed through a backwards elimination procedure for identifying possible independent factors associated with hypoglycemia and mortality. The confidence level of all the data has been calculated for analyzing the reliability of data. The odd ratios have been used by the authors with confidence interval 95% (Hecking et al. 2012). To ensure that the data are statistically significant, p value was considered less than 0.05. The result was published using the outcomes of the 1,101 patients, who participated in the test. After the death of the 100th patient, the researchers had stared their analysis. The mortality rate was very similar in the ICU hospital to that of the LOS. The morality rate also did not differ in case of the patients who had mean BG of below 6.1 mmol/L and also of those, where the mean BG is above 6.1 mmol/L. The report for organ failure, which was assessed with the help of SOFQ scores, did not show much difference between the two groups along with the indices of other severe illness and a total number of febrile days and the total number of days with anti-infective agents. However, the total number of days for the patients having vasodepressor is quite different. The rate of hypoglycemia was 8.7% in the group I and in case of group II, it was just 2.7%. The main findings of the research paper are about the impact of intensive insulin therapy, which is quite different from the previously done research. With a dosage of 4.4-6.2 mmol/L of BG, there is very little effect on the critically ill patients. There is also the risk of hypoglycemia due to the treatment of intensive insulin therapy. The main difficulty that the researchers faced to make definite conclusion for this analysis is due to the premature interruption of the research work. However, from the discussion part, it is clear that the nurses, who are practicing the intensive insulin therapy among the patient, need to pay extra care to the critically ill patients as there is a high risk of the patients to suffer from hypoglycemia. Similarities and Difference in the two articles In both the above-mentioned research article, the researchers have analyzed about the treatment methods for critically ill patients suffering from high blood glucose level. Both of the studies were conducted upon the patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit of hospital. The main difference between the two research papers is that in case of the first article, the researchers had tried to compare the effect of the difference between the conventional and intensive form of glucose treatment, which includes the intensive insulin therapy. On the other hand, in the case of the second research article the investigators had focused on the effect of controlled intensive insulin therapy among the ICU patients. In result of both the articles, the researchers had made a conclusion that the intensive form of glucose control therapy has negligible effects on the critically ill patients. Moreover, there is also the risk of hypoglycemia, where the concentration of the glucose level in blood goes down significantly. The researchers of both the article have suggested that the nurses, who are incorporating the intensive glucose treatment, need to carefully diagnose and monitor the conditions of the patients. The conventional form of diabetic treatment is much better compared to the intensive glucose treatment as there is not much difference between the two forms of treatment. Moreover, there are no side-effects that are associated with the conversion form of diabetic treatment. Hence, there is a wide scope of opportunity for future research on the ways and techniques that can be adopted to improve the use of intensive insulin therapy . Reference Hecking, M., Haidinger, M., Dller, D., Werzowa, J., Tura, A., Zhang, J., Tekoglu, H., Pleiner, J., Wrba, T., Rasoul-Rockenschaub, S. and Mhlbacher, F., 2012. Early basal insulin therapy decreases new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 23(4), pp.739-749. Miller, M.E., Williamson, J.D., Gerstein, H.C., Byington, R.P., Cushman, W.C., Ginsberg, H.N., Ambrosius, W.T., Lovato, L., Applegate, W.B. and ACCORD Investigators, 2014. Effects of randomization to intensive glucose control on adverse events, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in older versus younger adults in the ACCORD Trial.Diabetes Care,37(3), pp.634-643. Nice-Sugar Study Investigators, 2009. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients.N Engl J Med,2009(360), pp.1283-1297. Perkovic, V., Heerspink, H.L., Chalmers, J., Woodward, M., Jun, M., Li, Q., MacMahon, S., Cooper, M.E., Hamet, P., Marre, M. and Mogensen, C.E., 2013. Intensive glucose control improves kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Kidney international,83(3), pp.517-523. Peyrot, M., Barnett, A.H., Meneghini, L.F. and Schumm?Draeger, P.M., 2012. Insulin adherence behaviours and barriers in the multinational Global Attitudes of Patients and Physicians in Insulin Therapy study. Diabetic Medicine, 29(5), pp.682-689. Preiser, J.C., Devos, P., Ruiz-Santana, S., Mlot, C., Annane, D., Groeneveld, J., Iapichino, G., Leverve, X., Nitenberg, G., Singer, P. and Wernerman, J., 2009. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive care medicine, 35(10), pp.1738-1748. Preiser, J.C., Devos, P., Ruiz-Santana, S., Mlot, C., Annane, D., Groeneveld, J., Iapichino, G., Leverve, X., Nitenberg, G., Singer, P. and Wernerman, J., 2009. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study.Intensive care medicine,35(10), pp.1738-1748. Scirica, B.M., Bhatt, D.L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P.G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., Ohman, P., Frederich, R., Wiviott, S.D., Hoffman, E.B. and Cavender, M.A., 2013. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.New England Journal of Medicine,369(14), pp.1317-1326. Umpierrez, G., Cardona, S., Pasquel, F., Jacobs, S., Peng, L., Unigwe, M., Newton, C.A., Smiley-Byrd, D., Vellanki, P., Halkos, M. and Puskas, J.D., 2015. Randomized controlled trial of intensive versus conservative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: GLUCO-CABG trial.Diabetes Care,38(9), pp.1665-1672. Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Meersseman, W., Wouters, P.J., Milants, I., Van Wijngaerden, E., Bobbaers, H. and Bouillon, R., 2006. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(5), pp.449-461.

Be Kind free essay sample

Since we were kids, we have always been told to do good thing for others, set up good samples, never do bad thing. Now we grown up, back to the reality of life, we often ask ourselves: Can we always be good for everything, can we make mistake? Or what will we do If someone did bad thing to you first? It Is good to do good things for others: Glenn some kind help to the aged, disable people, donating the money for the poor, etc. You will not only get praised for what you are doing, you also feel you are completing yourself in a way and feel great about yourself too.More importantly, you set up a good sample for the rest, such as the kids, or the people around you, to remind them to do good thing for the others. As sited by Twain always do right. That will gratify some of the people and astonish the rest. We will write a custom essay sample on Be Kind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In agree with Tag, I also believe you cant be good on everything, we may not that good on something, we may even make some mistakes. In real life, although you try to be good, sometime the outcome may not as you expected, the outcome even can be harmful. Since we are human being, we are not perfect.Therefore, Instead along good on everything, try to focus on few things, on the things you know you are really good about, and people will really benefit from you. It may not be too hard to be good for a while, how about forever? In particular, will you still be good to someone after you knowing you did some bad thing at your back? I believe that Keep doing right thing in your heart, it will automatically put in action when time comes, it should be timeless. Learn to forgive, forgive others mistake, give them a chance and always believe one day, your undines will bring out the bright side of them.However, there are many figures in our history to be long remembered not by their kindness, b ut by their evilness. I guess this Just remind us human being are not all kind species, more importantly, put this way, they are only the opposite samples to teach our next generation never repeat them again. For these reasons, we shall always be kind to others, give as much help as we can to the others, hopefully you will also get same kindness as return. Lets work together, make this world to be a real happy place for everyone to live.

Wether, Weather, Whether

Wether, Weather, Whether Wether, Weather, Whether Wether, Weather, Whether By Sharon Wether is a prime example of a word that will slip past the spell check. It is easily confused with two of its homonyms, whether and weather. Flying fingers find it easy to miss the single letter that separates them. Unless youre a farmer, you might not even know that wether is either a: male sheep or ram (the Oxford Dictionary of Etymology traces its roots to Old English, Old High German, Old Norse and Goth) or a: castrated ram or billy goat (according to A Word A Day). We all know that MS Word can be easily confused, but theres no need for us to face the same confusion. Weather, that stuff up there in the sky, is the condition of the atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, calm or storm, etc. Thats according to the Oxford Dictionary of Etymology. Interestingly, when it was first used in Old English in the 12th century, weather always had adverse implications. In the 14th century, the term also referred to the wind direction, and its roots lie in various terms meaning either wind or storm. Weathering, derived from weather, is the result of exposure to wind and weather. The frequently misspelled whether is used to introduce a question, often outlining a choice between options. Its roots lie in Old English and Old High German. Heres my attempt at using them all in a sentence. The farmer wondered whether the adverse weather had affected his wether. Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had10 Techniques for More Precise WritingEnglish Grammar 101: Prepositions

Do you feel that speech is really free Why or why not Essay

Do you feel that speech is really free Why or why not - Essay Example But does this really exist in our society today? Some groups of citizen, especially the military, who are supposed to be protected by this freedom, continue to have limitation on how free they can express themselves through speech. The following paper seeks to show ways in which this freedom of speech has been diluted and can no longer be termed as freedom. The first amendment assures that one has the right to say what they want but with little exclusion. It however does not protect people from the consequences of their actions or words if it may offend others. There are large files and documents in the legal environment that pose rules and regulations on what one can say, when it can be said, in which surroundings it can be conveyed and to whom it is told. Is this freedom of speech? By definition, this clearly does not reflect any democracy. Even though different countries put different weights on discretion of what can be said, there lacks a single country whether in the west or east which fully allows its citizens to express themselves freely. In fact, all countries expect political correctness in one way or another. Americans may be comparatively free to air our views compared to some countries where this subject of writing will lead to incarceration, harassment or even punishable by death (Curtis). The United States of America and the United Kingdom are praised for upholding democracy and protecting a good number of basic human rights including the freedom of speech. However, this is mostly perceived by those living outside these countries and more so in the third world countries. However, individuals like bloggers and political activists feel over-controlled and violated in regards to what can and cannot be said. A good example is expression by two people where one expresses himself by waiving a flag and the other by burning it. The two are treated differently. The one waving the flag will be assumed to be exercising his freedom of

Benefits of Effective Leadership in 21st Century Organization-HR Dissertation - 1

Benefits of Effective Leadership in 21st Century Organization-HR - Dissertation Example The other methodological components discussed here include the sample selection, the statistical procedures that were used, not to mention the ethical considerations and methodological limitations that were considered. The overall intent is to deepen the insight and understanding of the reader as to this study’s internal and external validity. 3.2 Research Approach It is necessary to discuss the research approach, to understand the rationale behind its choice. In particular, the present study aims to use a purely quantitative study in determining the benefits of leadership to 21st century enterprises. Quantitative studies are positive in nature, and so aim to further understand a phenomenon of interest by taking it and then separating it into smaller, simpler parts for greater structure and ease of measurement (Bernard 2006). These separate parts are analyzed on their own, hopefully promoting general understanding of the bigger picture with the help of universal laws. This particular study focuses on the benefits of effective leadership to contemporary organisations. Such quantitative methods are arguably the best choice for researchers hampered by time and resource limitations, due to their remarkable clarity, as well as their straightforward and well-structured nature. Given a scientifically valid survey, research objectives can easily be met , and a large amount of data can be culled from a vast sample with only minimal effort (Gall, Borg & Gall 2003). These data, gathered from the respondents – in this case, the HR representatives of contemporary organisations – serve as the primary data. Moreover, it was important for the researcher to ensure the questionnaire’s validity and reliability prior to its deployment, to ensure correspondingly valid research outcomes (Bryman 2001). Quantitative methods often boast of a plethora of advantages compared to qualitative ones, but also have a number of flaws as well. For one thing, quantitative methods are not usually known for being flexible, nor are they generally capable of gathering detailed data on their own. On the other hand, qualitative research methods can generally be adequate even with just a single case being investigated, assuming that said investigation was in-depth (Sekaran 2000). Regardless, though, quantitative methods are still the more advis able choice for researchers who lack manpower and resources (Johnson & Turner 2002) for data gathering and analyses. 3.3 Research Strategy The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived benefits of effective leadership to various organisations, all by using purely quantitative methods. Specifically, the survey that was used for this study is the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire. The point of a survey is that specific information is collected on a given population, and their effectiveness and efficiency help to explain why researchers the world over have used them to great effect. For instance, researchers found such methods well-suited for denoting the specific traits of their population, and for gathering huge amounts of data while expending only minimal time, effort and resources (Gall et al 2003). The general idea behind a survey is to gather data with the intent of deepening familiarity with the phenomenon of interest, and with its related constructs – in this case, the perceived benefits of effective leadership to modern-day organisations. Such a method also has the best results when one’s sample size is larger, and when one desires to tackle the constructs of interest systematically and in a structured manner (Bryman 2001). Questionnaires are typically pencil-and-paper instruments, either mailed to

Latin America colonial times Essay Example for Free

Latin America colonial times Essay ?4. How does colonialism engage with notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and/or (ritual) intoxication? You may analyze how the distinctions between orthodox and unorthodox practices were distinguished (and oftentimes blurred). You may look at Staden, the readings on witchcraft and â€Å"superstition,† etc. Beginning in 1492 when the Spanish under the crown of Castile invaded the Americas, where their first settlement was in Santo Domingo, their main motivations were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions and economic gain. Due to these objectives they intervened and attempted to change every facet of the indigenous way of life including their ‘notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and intoxication’. The indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571, however the native people of Mexico and other invaded lands of the Americas were still prosecuted on accounts of witchcraft or being Nauatil (witches). Colonialism engaged with notions of spirituality and witchcraft by asserting their dominance in attempts to completely annihilate these practices. They attempted to make sense of what they did not understand by attributing these happenings to witchcraft and condemning those prosecuted as witches. Further, as previously mentioned, they attempted to spread the Catholic religion by deeming the religious practices previously ‘inherited’ (treatise on Heathen superstition) by the indigenous population as acts of witchcraft. In his letter to Reverend Don Francisco Manso de Zunga, Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon a Spanish navigator of the sixteenth centaury wrote that the reasons behind attempting to completely eradicate the superstitious ways of the people he regarded as Indians was that some of their practices such as â€Å"drunkenness was not permitted to them even in their heathen state† and was punishable by death. (39) His reasons behind â€Å"scraping of drunkenness from the memory of humanity† (39) is that even to those who are believed to be Pagans or non believers (heathens) (39) it was prohibited, therefore once baptised and accepted as Christians it is was a sin to indulge in these acts. To increase the spread and conversion to Catholicism within the Indians, Alarcon, validates the eradication of their customs. Further in his letter Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon explains how by indulging in these superstition practices the Indians are harming themselves. He states â€Å"This (their drunkenness) is the cause of the total destruction of the health of their bodies, and consequently the sufficient and principal barrier to their preservation and increase† (39). Alarcon explains that the deepness with which these practices have fastened into the native American culture leads him to believe that â€Å"the ministers have entered late into their parishioners’ language. † (40). Here we get an indication that despite their conversion to Christianity, Alarcon believes there is no hope to change the Indians’ superstitious ways. In light of the Spaniards determination to spread the Christian faith they attempted to eradicate all other religious practices within the Americas. In his letter Alarcon states in his letter â€Å"others (superstitions) have a weak foundation, because a traditions of their false gods is hardly found among their stories† (39). He explains their previous religion had no concrete roots, they worshiped ‘false gods’ and it was illegitimate; therefore, all rituals and practices for this cause were superstitious. It is important for us to note that the work of finding and documenting the acts of superstition in Mexico was bestowed on Alarcon and therefore it was in his best interest to exaggerate the evidence he supposedly finds. Further, he admits that he is not fully capable to undertake this task because of his â€Å"defective intellect and small experience with writing† (40). In his Treatise on the Heathen Superstition Alarcon explores many aspects of the Mexican native population’s way of idolizing their god’s or goddesses, he attributes this act to an act of worshiping the devil. This is another example of how the Spanish used the notion of witchcraft to propel the spread of Christianity. In his treatise Alarcon states â€Å"and by this means they usually communicate with the devil, because he usually communicates with them when they are deprived of judgement with the said drink and deceives them with different appearances† (48). In this example we can see how Alarcon uses Christianity and the threat of the devil to abolish drunkenness. Alarcon also uses the Devil to explain phenomenons that were beyond the scope of the Spanish understanding. He states in his treatise, â€Å"they (the sages in Mexico) are always deceitful and ceremoniatic and seek to persuade people that they are consummate in knowledge, since they profess to know what is absent and to foresee what is in the future, which, it may be, is revealed to them by the Devil, who can, through knowledge and conjecture, foresee many future events. † (45). Due to the fact that Alarcon and other Spaniards at that time could not make sense of why the prophecies or futuristic readings of the native Mexican sages were holding true, they declared it an act of the Devil and therefore a form of witchcraft. Another example of the Spaniards condemning the unexplainable acts in the Americas is in the document â€Å"On her Deathbed, Maria de la Candelaria Accuses Michaela de Molina of Casting Spells† produced in Guatemala in 1696. In this text different testimonies of various people that witnessed the sickness of Maria de la Candelaria a girl servant. In the testimony of Dona Juana Gonzalez a Spanish woman and mistress of Maria, she states, â€Å"the reason that she presumes this (that Michaela de Molina had casted spells on Maria) is because her servant, Maria had some fights with [Michaela] and not with anyone else. † (170) The Spaniards and even the natives of Guatemala could not fathom why or how Maria was dispelling such large amounts of blood and various objects like stones, rags and hair from her mouth and nose therefore attempted to reason it by condemning Michaela in the act of witchcraft. It is important to understand why the Spanish were interested in Maria’s sickness. In Spain and other parts of Europe the acts of witchcraft were highly condemned. People were afraid of loosing their power and therefore they feared the unknown. They condemned it by illegalizing all forms of witchcraft. Further, the act of ‘drunkenness’ and other practices not coherent with the beliefs of Christianity were also attributed to witchcraft therefore abolishing witchcraft became a means to spread the Christian faith specially since the indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571.

Major Features of the Vedic Religion :: Papers

Major Features of the Vedic Religion The Vedic Religion is based on the teachings of the Vedas, which signifies the way of living a sin free life. The Vedas are the teachings of the religion Hinduism. There are different types of Vedas, each signifying different facts and opinions about the religion. The main text of the Vedic religion is the Rig Veda. The Rig Veda itself contains some 1,028 hymns of praise to a predominantly male group of deities who seem to personify various powers of nature such as fire, sky and rain. The fact that the hymns demonstrated a strong relationship with the presence of nature illustrates the Aryan feeling towards nature. The Rig Veda mainly concentrates on symbolism rather than mythology. Although the hymns are based on symbolism, it is sometimes possible to gather various mythical themes. Another aspect that is mentioned in the Vedas is the 'panch mahabhutas'. These are the five constituents which makeup life on this planet, they are: * Aakash (sky), * Vayu (air), * Agni (fire), * Jal (Water), * Prithvi (earth). Although the Vedas are very much alike except in their content of hymns, they all have the same principle, all Hindus should lead a sin free life. Within the Vedic religion, Hindus believe in many gods and goddesses. Some of them are human (e.g. Krishna, Rama , some animals (e.g. fish, monkey, rat, snake), (some animal-humans as in the case of Ganesh who has the head of elephant with trunk and the body of a human), and some others are natural phenomena (e.g. dawn, fire, sun). Their number is generally believed to be 330 million. According to Hindu belief, god incarnates and for example takes the form of human being and other animals and appears in this earth in that form. Gods and goddesses were born like human beings and had wives and children. No god possesses absolute power; some of the gods are weaker than each

Proposal: West Parking

Contents Introduction2 Problem2 Objectives3 Solution4 Doing Nothing4 Installing extra traffic lights4 Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion5 Improving North and West Parking5 Methods6 Cost8 Benefits9 Conclusion10 References10 Introduction We propose to expand the West and North parking lots of the UAA main campus to greatly reduce traffic congestion, to save time for students and staff, and to help decrease automobile accidents. Problem The UAA main campus is a commuter to more than 15, 000 students (Common data from UAA).The countless number of vehicles commuting to and from campus creates traffic congestions and is desperately in need of more parking spaces. Lack of adequate parking space for students and staff have negative impacts: * Road rage. The survey given in 2008 to UAA students reported that frustration due to congested traffic resulted in unsafe driving practices. Much could have been prevented if there were enough parking spaces for the vehicles that enter campus parking. * Tardiness.Delays due to finding parking space are direct consequence of students and staff being late for classes. Estimated time to find parking space may take up to 20 minutes (2008-UAA student’s survey). People usually experience high stress level due to frustration of finding parking space. Tardiness may have a direct effect on students’ performance in classes (University of Washington MDJ). * Unauthorized use of parking. UAA students admitted to have used Providence Hospital, and Goose Lake parking due to lack of adequate parking spots on campus.This unauthorized use of parking is taking away the spots reserved for the hospital’s patient, and those reserved for recreational use in the park. * Outrageous Parking Fees. The unanimous survey in 2008 for students showed concern over increased parking fees every semester, yet still not enough parking available. This is a â€Å"hot† topic next to book prices and spiking tuition. Student’s complaints are justified that if UAA is going to charge more for parking, then more parking spaces will also be required from the university. * ER access.Traffic created by students and staff vehicles at the main campus has negative impact for hospital emergencies vehicles. UAA main campus is located across the Providence Hospital, and interfering with littering the Providence Drive with students and staff vehicles may be critical of saving someone’s life where minutes or even seconds are critical to one’s well being. * Road safety. Students have reported and are concern about the pedestrian safety once they park the vehicles (2008 survey). There is no pedestrian pathway from the North and West Parking to campus buildings; walking is on the road.Concerns are mostly in wintertime, (fall and spring semesters) where icy and snowy roads, and poor visibility is a road hazard to moving vehicles and pedestrians. * Vehicle accidents. Department of Transportat ions (DOT) ranks the Providence Drive in top five of hazardous locations. The proximity of UAA and Hospital at Providence Drive and congested traffic at this area is responsible for high amount of automobile accidents (according to US. DOT –Federal Highway Administration). Objectives To create a solution for improved parking at UAA and traffic congestion problems issues must: 1.Include a solid development plan that would benefit students, staff, and the UAA. The students and staff would greatly appreciate adequate parking spaces for their vehicle. UAA would positively gain revenue from parking fees. 2. Ensure that parking construction is developed on time and that students attending the following semester are not interrupted with constructions issues. 3. Ensure that pedestrians’ pathways are easily accessible from parking, thus greatly reducing chance of someone being hit by a vehicle. 4. Avoid new traffic congestions on Providence Drive due to parking construction.Sol ution There are several potential solutions to the problems outlined earlier in the proposal. These solutions are: * Doing nothing * Installing extra traffic lights * Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion * Improving North and West Parking Doing Nothing This is the least effective solution to the existing problem. By doing nothing, we cannot improve parking issues desperately sought by many students and staffs. The use of unauthorized parking in the property of Providence Hospital and Goose Lake will likely continue.Road rage will likely occur as it has. Issues of tardiness will continue if we do not take appropriate steps to solve it. By doing nothing we will not help to solve automobile accidents, impact road safety, or help with ER access (2008 survey, DOT). Installing extra traffic lights This next possible solution is to install extra traffic lights. This measure of safety and coordination of traffic would add benefit t a more regulated traffic flow, an d improve the safety of the pedestrian’s crosswalks. According to Municipality of Anchorage (M. O.A), Traffic Department, Lance Wilber, said that the cost of installing traffic lights may be well over $700,000 per cross-section, depending on the location and construction plans involved. This solution seems ineffective because it does not solve the pedestrians’ safety concerns over the crossing from the parking area to the campus buildings, nor solve the lack of available parking space. This solution contributes to solving some traffic congestion at campus, but better solution is needed. In addition, M. O. A advised against installation of new traffic lights since there are already five in place at the Providence Drive.Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion Hiring an extra parking staff could be a reasonable solution for traffic congestion at campus. This solution requires hiring of twelve individuals for North and West Parking, for coordinating traffic at the busiest time: mornings and late afternoon. The vehicles entering campus would be guided to available parking and pedestrians’ safety could be looked after. According to Parking Services, estimated cost for an extra staff and equipment on annual basis would amount to over half a million dollars.However, this would not help eliminate vehicle traffic at Providence Drive; in fact, traffic congestion would likely be worse than it is now. Parking Services, advised against hiring an extra staff to help coordinate traffic due to lack of budget. Improving North and West Parking The best solution to the problems outlined earlier in the proposal is to improve the largest parking on main campus, which is the North, and West Parking. These hold the largest accommodation of parking lots, and are easily accessible from: Providence Drive, Lake Otis Parkway, and UAA Drive-Mallard Lane.For its convenience of being accessible to the main campus and having close proximity to 13-UA A buildings, and short walking distance to other facilities, the North and West Parking is the best candidate and that needs improvement. The advantage to this solution is that it would double the available parking spaces. By creating more space, vehicles would move faster to and from campus creating less congestion on busy Providence Drive. Improvement to existing parking would add walkways to help cross over going to the campus, thus greatly improving road safety for both: the vehicles and pedestrians.Vehicle accidents, road rage, and ER access would be improved since the congestion on Providence Drive would be minimized. This solution would favorably affect the issues with tardiness and positively solve the unauthorized use of parking at Providence Hospital and Goose Lake. The cost of this project is approximately set at 2 million dollars per parking, according to Chris Nowak at Affordable Construction, and Stan Vanover-UAA Project Manager. While this may seem expensive at first glance, it is the best solution for improvement.A solution with traffic lights and hiring extra staff to control traffic congestion does not adequately address solving the problems. The only cheaper solution to improving parking is to do nothing. However, this solution though saves money does not solve the students and staff issues, or traffic congestion, and will actually create more problems and complications in the future. The benefit for UAA for this project is that it would recover accumulated expenses from parking fees over 5-7 years (Parking Services), at the same time will solve the outlined problems.This solution is the answer to the described problems, and is reasonably cost effective. Methods Description of Project This project requires adding one more level to existing floor plan, example: airport-parking style, without roof, with ramp access to another level. Second level would have connecting stairs and or elevator to first floor. The pedestrians’ pathways would be implemented between diagonal parked vehicles for safe crossing. Easily accessible ramps would be used by snow removing vehicles during wintertime; the first floor would be snow free.This project will ensure improvement in parking—double the available space, pedestrians and vehicles safety, and would reduce traffic congestion at Providence Drive due to faster rotation of moving vehicles. Pictures of North and West Parking. Note the hazardous road condition and lack of pedestrians’ walkways | | | PARTIAL UAA CAMPUS MAP(arrows point to proposed project area)| Sample pictures of 2-story parking garage with access ramps. | Cost The cost for this project has been estimated at 2 million for the North Parking, and 2, 2 million for the West Parking according to Affordable Construction.These costs include planning, materials, and labor. The planning include the cost of design, surveying, and appropriate permits for the city of Anchorage building code. The materials and labor include the cost of all construction materials and labor needed to complete the project (including 4 elevators if needed). This estimate may change due to prices fluctuation for material or labor cost. Estimate is fairly set as of November 27, 2009. The estimator predicted the low of 4 million dollars to as high as 5, 2 million dollars for this project.Significant amount of money could be saved for material if ordered early in the year from lower 48, and shipped directly. Table 1. Cost Analysis Project| Cost| Total amount| North Parking| Planning $48000Materials $1280000Labor $672000| $ 2,000. 000| West Parking| Planning $ 51000Materials $1410000Labor $739000| $ 2,200. 000| Contingency Fund| | $ 1,000. 000| | Grand total| $ 5,200. 000| Contingency Fund is set to a million dollars for the high end of the project. Ensuring early material ordering will significantly reduce this expense.Time required and Schedule for Project Completion Planning of project can begin early January 2010. The actual construction should start early May— at the end of spring semester—to ensure completion by the end of August, right on time when the fall semester begins. Construction project should take 110-120 days, ensuring as little as possible interruption with students vehicle traffic. The impact on the construction and students should be minimal as fewer students attending UAA during summer. To better illustrate time allotted for the construction, please refer to Table 2.Information for the time and construction was provided by Stan Vanover, Sr. Project Manager, for Construction at UAA. Table 2. Construction & Planning Project| Task| Time allotted in days| Schedule| North & West Parking Improvement| Planning beginsContractors BidsConstruction begins| 4045110| 01/4/201002/20/201005/10/2010| | Project Completion| | 08/30/2010| Benefits Reasonable cost, attracting revenues * Cost for this project is fairly priced according to UAA Project Manager. UAA will collect for pa rking fees and multiply revenues. Traffic congestion alleviated * Improved parking will double available space.This would mean less traffic at the Providence Drive, and smoother vehicle transition to and from campus. Pedestrians and vehicle safety improved * Walkways for pedestrians inside the campus will increase safety. Road hazards, such as the snow and ice would be eliminated on the first floor of parking, thus enhancing pedestrians and motorists safety. Conclusion Despite our economic downturn, colleges in the United States reporting increase in attendance and ever-rising tuition fees. UAA is a home to more than 15 000 students annually; in 2009 UAA reported over 1000 students more than previous year in attendance.We believe that proposed solution to parking improvement is an excellent way to reduce traffic congestion, pedestrians, and motorists’ safety, and provide adequate parking spaces. We look forward to making UAA a safer, well-developed campus. If there are any qu estions you may have, please contact us at your convenience. References 2008 survey, Campus Commuters Statistics can be found at: http://www. uaa. alaska. edu/opra/upload/Common-Data-Set-2008 Department of Transportation, vehicle accidents statistics can be found at: http://safety. fhwa. dot. gov/hsip/fivepercent/2008/08ak. htmUAA Parking Services comments can be found at: http://www. uaa. alaska. edu/parking/, 907. 786. 1119 Lance Wilber, Municipality of Anchorage, information on traffic lights can be found at: http://www. muni. org/Departments/traffic/engineering/Pages/Signals. aspx Information on cost analysis, construction, and planning for the project can be found from: Stan Vanover, Senior Project Manager UAA, Department of Facilities, Planning, and Construction Information on project cost estimate can be found from: Affordable Construction, Chris Nowak, 907. 245. 5722, 20907 Turnagain St, Anchorage

10 agencias que contratan enfermeras para EE.UU.

Estados Unidos necesita profesionales de la enfermerà ­a en grandes nà ºmeros debido a la jubilacià ³n de miles de profesionales nativos en los prà ³ximos aà ±os. Por ello, contratan enfermeras en otros paà ­ses. Para los candidatos internacionales, esta opcià ³n es atractiva porque ademà ¡s de brindar la oportunidad de trabajar en EE.UU. permite obtener buenos salarios ya que es una profesià ³n bien pagada. En la actualidad, la mayorà ­a de los contratos para trabajar en EE.UU. en esta profesià ³n los obtienen enfermeros/as de paà ­ses de habla inglesa, como Filipinas, India, Irlanda, Sudà ¡frica, Australia, Nueva Zelanda o algunas islas caribeà ±as. Un nà ºmero mà ¡s reducido de profesionales procede de otros paà ­ses, destacando los provenientes de Mà ©xico. Enfermeras Internacionales para trabajar en EE.UU. En EE.UU. hay 3,2 millones de enfermeras registradas, conocidas por sus iniciales RN.El 90 por ciento son mujeres.Se estima que en 2020 habrà ¡ 800.000 puestos de trabajo en enfermerà ­a sin cubrir, segà ºn cà ¡lculos del National Center for Workforce Analysis.El 15 por ciento de enfermeras que trabajan en EE.UU. se han formado fuera de este paà ­s, segà ºn el Institute for Immigration Research de la Universidad George Mason.Para trabajar en EE.UU. como RN, las enfermeras internacionales necesitan: licenciatura universitaria o equivalente, homologacià ³n de estudios, examen de conocimientos, certificacià ³n del estado en el que quieran trabajar, conocimiento alto del idioma inglà ©s y documento que acredite el derecho a trabajar en EE.UU., que puede ser visa de trabajo o tarjeta de residencia permanente . 10 Agencias estadounidenses de reclutamiento de enfermeras/os Entre las numerosas agencias que se dedican a esta labor y aceptan candidatos de Latinoamà ©rica y/o Espaà ±a, destacan las siguientes. ASMCI Servicios para Estados Unidos y Canadà ¡ Telà ©fono: 702-483-5308Correo Electrà ³nico: zenasmci.com Assignment America Telà ©fono: 781-388-6800Correo electrà ³nico: inquiresmyaam.com CBH Healthcare Recruiters Telà ©fono: 602-404-0417Correo electrà ³nico: infocbhrecruiters.com Christine Paris Enterprises USA, Inc. Brinda servicios de colocacià ³n para USA, Australia y el Reino Unido. Correo electrà ³nico: christinechristineparis.com European Medical Staffing Para enfermeras/os de Mà ©xico o Canadà ¡. Informacià ³n en Mà ©xico: tsimoneuromedstaff.com Global Healtcare Resources Tiene socios reclutadores en Mà ©xico, Perà º y otros paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica. Telà ©fono: 703-481-2204Correo electrà ³nico: lightonerols.com Institute of California Bilingual Healthcare Telà ©fono: 310-933-3232En su pà ¡gina web en la seccià ³n de contactar hay un formulario para enviarles un correo. O ´Grady Peyton International: Brinda servicios de colocacià ³n a profesionales de todo el mundo, incluidos de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a.  Contactar en su pà ¡gina web, eligiendo el lugar en el que se encuentra la persona interesada. Peyton tambià ©n ofrece trabajos en Canadà ¡ y Australia. PPR Telà ©fono: 866.581.5038Correo electrà ³nico: infopprtmg.com Wilson Staffing Network Correo electrà ³nico: kwilsonwsnglobal.com Preguntas que los candidatos deben hacer a las agencias de colocacià ³n de enfermeras internacionales No todas las agencias son iguales y se deberà ­a contactar con varias y preguntar cosas como:    ¿Cobran tarifa de colocacià ³n? Ya que puede pagarlo el empleador. ¿Ayudan en trà ¡mites migratorios? ¿Ayudan a preparar el examen del NCLEX o del TOEFL? Y segà ºn las respuestas y las necesidades de cada uno, quedarse con la que resulte mà ¡s conveniente. Tipos de visas disponibles para enfermeras/os internacionales Para trabajar en Estados Unidos es necesario contar con algà ºn tipo de documento que lo autorice. Como regla general, las enfermeras internacionales pueden contar con uno de los siguientes documentos: Residencia permanente (green card) por trabajoVisa H-1B para profesionales. Dependiendo de los casos de empleador y tipo de empleo, la H-1B para enfermeras pudiera no estar sujeta a los problemas de los là ­mites anuales.Visa TN-2 sà ³lo para mexicanos o canadienses, bajo el acuerdo del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) Aunque esas son las mà ¡s frecuentes, no son las à ºnicas. Esta es una relacià ³n de todas las visas de trabajo y aquà ­ se puede encontrar un listado de las situaciones muy especà ­ficas que permiten solicitar con à ©xito un permiso de trabajo.   Las enfermeras que cuentan ya con un documento que les permite trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos desde el punto de vista migratorio pueden contactar con cualquiera de las siguientes agencias para buscar trabajo en EE.UU. Maxim Staffing SolutionsCirrus Medical Staffing: 800-299-8132Alda TechnologiesAssingment America: 866-593-8178  ¿Cuà ¡les son los requisitos mà ­nimos para poder trabajar de enfermera en Estados Unidos? Para trabajar como enfermera es imprescindible tener una licenciatura en enfermerà ­a (Bachelor of Nursing) que pueda ser considerado como equivalente a un R.N. en Estados Unidos. Los tà ­tulos mexicanos de Tà ©cnico profesional a veces sà ­ se validan pero otras no. Ademà ¡s, es necesario hablar con fluidez inglà ©s, a nivel profesional y con un buen dominio del lenguaje mà ©dico. Tambià ©n se requiere aprobar el NCLEX-RN. Este examen puede rendirse fuera de EU, como por ejemplo en Mà ©xico D.F. Una alternativa es el CGFNS. Asimismo, es necesario obtener la licencia estatal para trabajar como enfermera. En EE.UU. no hay licencia federal que sirva para todo el paà ­s. Por ello, hay que sacarla en el estado donde cada profesional se va a desempeà ±ar laboralmente. Ademà ¡s, se pide pasar un examen de posible historial criminal (background check, en inglà ©s) Por à ºltimo es necesario obtener la visa correspondiente o una green card  ¿Cuà ¡nto puede demorarse toda la tramitacià ³n de la visa de enfermera para trabajar en EE.UU? Desde que se inicia hasta que se puede empezar a trabajar puede transcurrir entre 12 y 18 meses.  ¿Cuà ¡les son las especialidades mà ¡s demandadas para las enfermeras internacionales? Las siguientes, son las especialidades de enfermerà ­a donde se ofertan mà ¡s puestos de trabajo. Cardiologà ­aDiagnà ³stico por imagenUrgencias (E.R.)Psiquiatrà ­aPediatrà ­aNeonatosCirugà ­aAnestesista  ¿En quà © lugares trabajan las enfermeras internacionales? Pueden ser contratadas por hospitales, hospicios, farmacà ©uticas, consultas de medicina primaria, centros de residencia para vida asistida. hogar de ancianos, etc. El salario de las enfermeras es bueno pero hay una gran diferencia segà ºn tipo de especialidad, los estados y tambià ©n influye los aà ±os de experiencia. Asimismo, a la hora de calcular cuà ¡nto se gana, tener en consideracià ³n los impuestos. Estos son los 10 estados donde mà ¡s y menos se paga. En todo caso, tambià ©n es conveniente realizar un pequeà ±o estudio de si compensa econà ³micamente salir del paà ­s de uno para trabajar en Estados Unidos, ya que si bien es cierto que posiblemente se gana mà ¡s, tambià ©n lo es que los gastos son mucho mayores, por eso es pertinente, por ejemplo, verificar este comparativo salarial de 18 profesiones en 8 paà ­ses. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.