Preservation Of Industrial Buildings History Essay

Preservation Of Industrial Buildings score Essayindustrialisation was a major chapter of the world schooling alter ethnical, affable, stintingal as well as architectural the conduct of the earlier post-machine 20th century citizens. Industrialization revolution had a great regard taking over the whole world, but its great harvest-home overly demanded a constant increase of factories shaping the industrial character of the era. The urban surroundings straight was introduced with reinvigorated construction typologies the factories forming beas which were acting like poles of interest, atomic number 18as were creams and living was combined. This radical development involving the rise of big cities resulted to a convening described as industrial expressions equal to the concept of a social condenser within the greater city ne dickensrk. Unfortunately, wrong management, and loss of property in many regions of the world resulted to the even off or even the gag lawping point of Industrial Buildings in a worldwide scale. Cheaper labor, lower damage of sensibles and motility of industries closer to their resources was some(prenominal)(prenominal) of the briny factors that result to this phenomenon.The idea of these expressions generation was a result of a fast growing development creating a procreative manufacturing system which activated the socio sparing system. Through the years this system started to dec gunstock and slowly result to the death or deactivation of some industrial build chance oning the brace of this socioeconomic system. So these create by losing their protect as social condensers now they become neutral propertys preserving their ex activated fund and identity within their surrounding environment.The regard to exert their architectural hereditary pattern during the past few year gain twain from the render, that sustainments and promotes the unconscious adjoin of re-establishment by dint of and with gene rous economic and early(a) motives, but in any shield from the private architects that reach learned to respect and enhance the value of architectural forms of past. Moreover, the wider public, the inhibiters and the lend oneselfrs of these builds, non just now see the romantic and nostalgic side of traditionalistic computer architecture, but in any berth its executeal and economic contribution in the recent carriage of life-time.The import of advanced usancers in an following shell hits a ch all t previous(a)enge for the architects and engineers. The combination of naked as a jaybird and old, the respect to the history but similarly to the happiness of red-brick functional engage determine the quality of result. What we need is continuity . . . diachronic deliverance is non sen clippingntality but a psychological necessity. We must learn to cherish history and to go along suitable old expressions . . . we must learn how to preserve them, not as unworth y m spendum instals, but by giving them natural-fashioned substance abuses. (Ada Louise Huxtable)Industrial BuildingsThe industrial constructions constitute a specific category of structures. Manufactured to satisfy the involve of saving in the past, have lost their au hencetic usefulness that is owed mainly to the structure of the economy and deprived from a alternative use for years. Abandoned and destroy they degrade the environment in which they atomic number 18 getd and the same era they argon threatened with demolition.The industrial buildings are often neglected because their industrial aesthetics. Neverthe little, they are carriers of all-important(a) historical deposit and with their presence they have cause the urban landscape of their region. In past few years, their value of heritage as well as the dioramas of economic growth that they offer has been reevaluated. (Kizis,2007)How these buildings affect the urban and social context1) UrbanizationThe ingress of work in the factories has involved the rise of big cities in constitute to it serves and it accommodates the economically agile population. (Sullivan, 2009)2) ExploitationThe workers should leave their family so that they come to work in c solidificationure and city where the industries are form. (Sullivan, 2009)3) Change to family structureIn the Industrialized societies exists a structure of many members families that is enshrouded a lot of generations that remained probably in the same place for generations. In the industrialized societies the nuclear family, that is constituted from all by the parents and their increase children, predominates. Children that reach in the adultness are more(prenominal) industrious and they tend relocate where the work exists. The bonds of many members family become feebler. (Sullivan, 2009)4) EnvironmentIndustrialization create a lot of health problems. Problems much(prenominal) as noise, conduct, the contamination of waters, the p oor diet, the dangerous instruments, the impersonal work, the isolation, the poverty, the lack of roof, and the abuse of substances. The problems of health in the industrially nations it is as a lot of that is caused from the economic, social, politicians, and hea past factors as from pathogenic. The industrialization has become a important medical question worldwide.History of industrialization and deindustrialization the case study of CyprusIndustrialization in Cyprus was a term that was primordial introduced to locals due to their agri farming work. After the B World war development in Cyprus took place in a such increase way affected from Europe and the universal development in general. This development was not un little a turn into the technology but also a sociopolitical change due to the urbanism that was taking place in the island. It is now the snip for change in life and parallel in architecture with the offshoot modern building start to appear from young Cypriot ar chitects that study oversea. ( Pyla, 2009)Never less the some important step to the ongoing increasing development in the island was the independence of the Cyprus Republic and the end of the British colonialism. It is then where Cypriot becomes independent in all sections such as economic and sociopolitical growth. This fast growth take place in many sections of the hostelry such as tourism, agriculture, diligence . The need for public buildings become more and more requirement where the same time for industry with the needs of the suppose become bigger. Then we start saw the great usages of modern architecture in all kinds of buildings and especially the huge growth of industry in Cyprus. (Fereos, 2009)What cause the dec draw in and death of Industrial zones and Buildings in Cyprus ?Globalization and cut-rate labor in other regions of the world has resulted in the decline Cheaper mash Lower cost of materials Industries are closer to their resourcesIndustrial zones was ini tially fit(p) in green fields outside from the cities. Due to the fast growth development of the residential areas these zones become integrated and mathematical function of these areas forcing them to relocate their flummox among the society for several reasons.Preservation and RestorationCultural HeritageThe heathenish heritage as a definition was created n the recent centuries which describes objects, building or even areas which are important for the modern society. This characteristic plant them as important things which the either reflect or represent pieces of the culture itself. For exercising this heritage could be the ancient monuments, some art work or even territories where thither richness is stated as needful and their resistance, restoration and conservation are policies that need to carried out from the current world. A late organization called UNESCO had recently set the scope of the protection of this heritage by defining this heritage as the entire corpu s of material signs either artistic or symbolic haveed on by the past to each culture and on that pointfore, to the whole humankind. (Jokilehto. 2009. p1) This statement shows how we all have the responsibility to respect and protect the heritage that was carried from our predecessor and need to cash in ones chips on the next generation. This heritage belongs to everybody from the smaller to larger piece and their importance is reflected to the society itself. Authenticity, Integrity, OriginalityAs we see a brief history of how economy and restoration of the cultural heritage was true through ages but with well-nigh important in 18th and 19th century we understand that community had a unique aim they respect their heritage and they feel the need to protect their memory. The fact that several opinions and ideas was developed was due to many modify and mostly about the understanding of what is original and authentic. If we start analyze the sound out genuineness we see aga in that is derive from the Greek word (ea?t) which pixilated my self and Latin (autor) which authority originator and authority. So we slew resolve that this does not mean in any case to copy or add something. From the artistic point of view writer express that the authenticity of a work of art is a measure of truthfulness of the inner(a) unity of the creative function and the physical realization of the work, and the effects of its rush through historic time (Jokilehto. 2009. p.296). This statement show the relationship of the a genuine piece of art and its race through time, where an important piece bequeath never stop to reflect its importance and memory. Never less authenticity is also mention as the opposite of copy and mimesis so one backside say that the better for a renovation is to get word a way to preserve the historical monumental social functions of the building is a aesthesis that they will keep their historical commendation through memory maintaining the ir cultural importance in the society as it was the daylight it was build.Even though then we should discuss the meaning genuine which dialect the fact the by restoring a building you can succeed to preserve the same time its original style. Understanding the several meaning producen over from the book we realize that genuine mostly refer for the outer uncase of the building and what is being seeing from the users pointing the materialistic cleave of the building. The unfreeze that derive is how you can restore a building without copying anything and the same time make add on and attachments that will help this building to summarize its life. The answer is given again through another term called oneness corresponding to the use and the technique that a conservator will use in army to incorporate a proper solution without worrisome the building monumentality. Unfortunately any restoration will affect is a sense the original face of the building but this will never stop to affect the buildings authenticity if its executed with a proper and square use of the material. Authenticity should be related incessantly to the memory of the building not altogether in terms of look but also other conditions like its use through time. Such as this conditions are extremely important to be evaluated from a conservator in order to understand the building itself and can proceed into a restoration that eventually bring in a peeled-made function the so called a building in new settings. ripe architecture and by extend modern life can be integrated with in monuments and co-exist in a balance where one will feedback to other reminding and informing the modern life for the predecessor. (Jokilehto. 2009.)Definition of industrial heritageIndustrial heritage consists of the system of industrial culture which are of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific value. These remains consist of buildings and machinery, workshops, mills and factories, mi nes and sites for touch on and refining, warehouses and stores, places where energy is generated, transmitted and used, transport and all its infrastructure, as well as places used for social activities related to industry such as housing, religious worship or education.Industrial archeology is an interdisciplinary method of studying all the evidence, material and immaterial, of documents, artefacts, stratigraphy and structures, human settlements and congenital and urban landscapes, created for or by industrial processes. It makes use of those methods of investigation that are most suitable to increase understanding of the industrial past and present. alteration of useThe inevitable deterioration in which the buildings are submitted leads to the abandonment and the disparagement of construction of the building but also in the wider region where is situate.The restoration, reutilization or the imposition of construction concerning with the improvement and the renewal of internal ar rangement and the figure of speech of public historical buildings, renew their use, that channels in the improvement of quality of life of residents and users of region. It gives the possibility for the historical continuity of traditional habits and social facts. Moreover, it constitutes the means of passage from the traditional way of life in the most modern expressions. (Louvi,2007) employIn order to maintain a building, it is essential that it adapt a new use. In the case where the initial use is not uncomplete the feasible neither desirable, import of new use contributes not only in the maintenance of building, but also the rebirth of surroundings in general.Moreover, the restored buildings the help improve the quality of life of residents, since they enrich the infrastructure of region. The new users are attracted in the region and the probabilities for the economic growth and the new investments are improved.The increase of sector of tourism and the need for a turn to the qualitative tourism, have led to the utilization of traditional architecture and her historical environment in general. Nevertheless, the new uses that are imported need to be balance well so much in order to lead to victimisation of economy with tourists as cultural product that will lead afterwards to the export of his cultural value.The new uses are determined and simultaneously contribute in the demographic character of region. It is thus essential is achieved the balance amidst the various types of uses but also amid the socio-economic groups of residents and the users that live or are in attracted in the region by these uses. The social polarization, that is to say the concentration of big number of persons of particular teams of population can result in the creations of ghetto or the attraction of rich individuals that replaces the initial residents. The social and economic gumminess is essential for the viable growth of region. (Louvi,2007)What is Adaptive reuse?The a daptive re-use is the process that old structures are adapted for reasons apart from them initially intended. When the initial use of structure changes or it is required more, since with the older buildings than the Industrial Revolution, the architects have the author to change the initial operation of structure, maintaining certain from the animate architectural lucubrate that render the building uniqueness.The adaptive re-use, with the re-establish Brownfield, sees from many as factor anchor in the maintenance and the reduction of ground of sum of sprawl. It is more effectual and environmental responsible to reutilize the older buildings more near to urban cores than to support the new construction in the distant regions Greenfield. ( Cantell, 2005)Importance of the Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Buildings The industrial areas and buildings have impressive architectural value. The re-establishment of old urban industrial neighborhoods or structures is a question in the first l ine modern urban growth in the United States. A sure-fire adoptive program of re-use can bring the redevelopment, the tourism of heritage, and the new life in a community. ( Cantell, 2005) Sustainable Aspect1) Recycling is a innate act in establishing sustainable development. Recycling and reutilization are actions which are increasingly natural and necessary on an individual and collective level. (Sherepeklis, 2009)2) One of the most important benefits of reusing an old building is the retaining of the Embodied energy within. That means that the energy involved in all the associated processes when building (sourcing raw materials, manufacturing of materials and equipment, labor, transport). (Sherepeklis,2009)3) By saving this energy alone, an architectonic project of reutilization is more sustainable and bionomic that any other new construction project and most cost efficient in the long term. (Sherepeklis, 2009)DilemmaIn one return the modern needs require technology, sanitar y or other of installations of additions and the rearrangement of upcountry or addition of interval. In the other hand, the modern materials and the techniques render the process of re-establishment easier and more precise. But these alternations have occupied in order to exist or cannot correspond in the modern requirements, undermine often the value of heritage of building.These two facts now bring to us front from a dilemma in order to maintain the cultural heritage that is integrate in the structure of historical building with any cost, or to lease the domination of new use. A balance between the heritage and the economic and utilitarian value should exist and succeeded. But where precisely this line is found ? Each building has a different value, the problems and the occasions of heritage. Accordingly, each individual building should be judged different. (2004)AdditionsThe alternations in the traditional buildings are often essential in the order achieve the better functiona l planning and the satisfaction of new use but also for the import of modern infrastructure. These alternations should not affect the morphologic sufficiency of building or the hierarchy of initial intervals. Moreover the alternations should not overcome the remarkable traditional characteristic features.In certain cases it is essential are added the new volumes of construction in the abroad of traditional building. Any addition should respect and harmonize with the traditional building while simultaneously is recognizable, showing the modern construction.Any additions in the home(a) or exterior of a historical building should be good reversible and recognizable. The new elements should show their period of construction and not ingeminate traditional forms. (Kizis,2007)We distinguished 3 categories of preferable industrial buildings that have the prospect to be reutilized or preserved1) First category is that of monuments, buildings as museums of industrial archaeology could con tinue their life.2) Second category is the case of import of new uses in the old factory that requires the cohabitation of new operations with some part of quick equipment and line of production.3) Third category is only limited in the reuse of the buildings existing material, contributing often in the maintenance of industrial landscape that characterizes big regions of cities that experienced in the past corresponding operation and growth. (Kizis,2007)Monuments and museums of Industrial ArcheologyThere is no doubt that a quaint factory, left abandoned, that it stop to be productive and affective because its technology stop to support it have its architectural fascination because of its old equipment and its fabric which reference to its historicity identity. Never less this building changes its condition of production and economy to memory of cultural heritage. It becomes subject of investigation of industrial archeology. As long as it fulfills the criteria and the requirement s it becomes part of the cultural heritage of a society under the protection of the state. This will reflect the culture of a civilization and its evolution through the time.Although an industrial complex which it was sub urban now it becomes part of the urban fabric due to the ongoing ex cooking locomotesion of the city. Once this building was a social condenser, as an attraction point for the worker of the industrial landscape, now it becomes strange to its new environment.It will be stiffness and with no sense if we take as granted that all abandoned industrial building should be preserved as cultural heritage museums. The reason it is not only financial. The evaluation and the record of an industrial building, in order to be preserved, should be executed under specified criteria that will result to the extract of few representative examples of each period with main aim the delivery of the industrial equipment. This will result to a complete chain of industrial archeology sam ples that constitutes the history of a place.Never less this chain of cultural samples should be complete with the preservation of industrial buildings and focus their interest as industrial museums of their technological and technical equipment. As result this building can inhabit only a specific use and this could be only the museum of themselves.Although the new use of industrial building to an industrial museum it is a preservation of the existing building this also requires a series of additions and improvements either to its structural system or to its technology. This improvements will ensure and create the proper conditions for the building in order to accommodate the new uses, according to the todays requirements. Some of these changes could be the structural and antisismic reinforcement, architectural changes that will support not only the new functional requirements but also the mechanical and mostly will provide to the building the support to function as a contemporary museum which most probably is not supported by the existing situation.The task of the architectural interaction to the existing fabric of the building should be the district contrast with the existing and genuine parts of the building. In a way we treat the building as a monument in order to achieve any misunderstandings and confusions of the users and guests of the building in the future use between the existing and the additional parts.Case StudiesWe have a lot of examples around the world of industrial buildings turn into museums of themselves. But I found most interesting to show some samples of a country in the idea of cultural chain of industrial archeology. The specific projects making an commence to reflect the history of the building and the same time the production line of the factory and its products. The main axis of the presented exhibition is a journey through production line along the mechanical equipment using mixed media. The architectural composition neither trie d to reveal the new additions of in the existing building differentiate them either in material and style.The first case study that interest me as an industrial museum of its self was the of the open air museum of hydrokinetic complex in Dimitsana, Greece apart of hydrokinetic corn mill, tannery and pulverization mill located next to the river Lousios. In a delicate restored labs the visitors developed an experiential relationship with the space between the acting mechanical equipment. compulsive through the thematic of the museum the visitors have the prospect grasp with their own men the flour of the corn which is milled in front of their eyes and then continue to the next spaces where they can watch several educational movies for the processing of the gunpowder.In the other hand, another approach shot of a museum is the factory of vegetable oil Industrial Building in Lesbo, Greece. The aim of this full restoration was the cultural settlement the peripheral oil industry by e mphasizing in the digital productions of representation. The visitors is subjected to presentations that will enable him to understand and conceive the functional part of the machines,( such as steam boiler, steam engine, movement axis, pressure engines ) and the process of crushing and compressing of the chromatics and then the division of oil with the steamer olive press.Last but not least example is the mud brick and pan tile factory in Volos, Greece which in this case the thematic approach of the museum follows the production line start from the collection of soil till the last(a) product. The journey interest that followed from the visitors is based on the production line of pan tiles and mud bricks where parallel the journey is enriched with several discoveries from the area. The users have also the opportunity to get inform through moving explanatory models for the general function of the imposing space that surrounds the mechanical equipment, the inactive belts and the pal lets with the raw mud bricks and pan tiles. The rest of the museum thematic related with the history of the building located in a independent space with neutral architecture.Small Museum coexist with new usesThe luck of the abandonment industrial buildings that cannot reutilized or even restored as museum is invariably architecturally questioned for their future in order to integrated them again into the urban fabric and contemporary life. This is the majority of the cases where if they become museums they will repeat them selves in a boring way and also it would very wasteful for the state to support such a strategy for all of them.Never less this cases are treated with a different way that tries to balance between the museum and the new uses. The solution is given with the restoration of part of the mechanical equipment in combination of the reuse of the building fabric with complete new uses. This cohabitation of these two components will give the result of a small museum that i s decorated with the new functions within the space of an industrial building or the .Criticism through case studiesThere several examples of treating an industrial building with this way where is some cases the result is good and some other not so triple-crown of the co existence of mechanical equipment and the new uses.The case study of the reutilization of the old factory Strihnokaprou in Volos, Greece with the housing for the activities of the handicap persons creates several questions and miss understandings from the users and visitors of the space. The issue that created from the users was the difficulties of understanding the production line of the factory and the connection between the several mechanical parts which they are spread around the building. And not only that the way the machines are used for stands for several creations and materials reveals that this experiment failed and the equioment that left there to bring the memory of the building is distracting than insp iriting the actions of the inhibiters.In the other hand one experiment that succeed to coexist together the mechanical equipment and the new uses was the museum or Roman Sculpture in Centrale Electrica Monte Martini in Rome. This example reveals the parallel cohabitation of two exhibitions where in one hand is that of sculptures and the other those of the equipment. This case of museum is one that doesnt have that of industrial archeology but use it as a background. In this background we see the one can see the mechanical equipment of the central power station. The new uses then is presented in a successful way as the continuation of the old uses as a habitant who use again its house furnished with the existing equipment.This example shows the importance of the choosing the new uses for this kind of buildings and the preservation and coexistence of parts of the mechanical equipment. From the act that these mechanical equipment is preserved just to decorate or supplement the new use s they become underestimated or even become burlesque. There are a lot of bars, higher institutes and cultural centers that use these mechanical equipments as enhancive components for their spaces in transformed industrial buildings.Reuse of industrial building fabricFollowing the to a higher place issues then one can wonder if there is any sense to have a spread exhibition of mechanical equipment around the restored building were the practical approach should be the house of new functions that these building can offer as a building fabric. The conservation of a building fabric could the last chance to save industrial buildings in new uses. The reason for not demolishing them in order to give their place to a new contemporary building for the needs of the city is their architectural value and their importance as symbols of memory, basins.Therefore their architectural interest is concentrated in their industrial landscape apart from the buildings that give also the character to ar ea around them that will always retreat to the memory and history of the production with no need to educate them with museum approaches.thereby the reuse of an industrial landscape should aim to the conservation of the memory of the place taking account that this place should function as a landmark. But we should be careful again not repeat the above issue that could be created of restoring an industrial building and settle it as a decorative object within its urban context.Case Study Tate ModernImportance of Technological and technical equipment in Industrial BuildingsOld industrial Buildings characterized as historical buildings when they appear to have great architectural value. debile today is strongly believed and acknowledge that this buildings host also another important cultural component, that of the technical equipment. This cultural component reveal the continuously motion of human resolving basic needs such as investigation on the solution and improvement of the quali ty of life. Technical culture is always interwoven with the human evolution and its record and research is become part of the history of technology. We must realize that industrial units with great architecture is the container of a production line with the support of this technological support and the human as the manager and controller of them. This equipment then could be characterized as the living existence of the building that function with only purpose the production of goods. If we remove this equipment from the building then is like we remove the soul of the building, creating a neutral space which was originally formed to host this equipment.The network of this technological equipment then is beseeming a great source of understanding of not only how this building was functioning and producing goods but also inform us for other things such as political, social and financial conditions, working place, rights and legal subjects, environment and ecological conditions, geolog ical conditions and primary sources, etc.Research on the technical equipment will rise several determine such as scientific, technical, structural, aesthetic, ecological and financial. scientific values, because of the investigation and application of contemporary knowledge on physics, mathematics, chemistry and other sciences. Technical and structural values because each time we have excogitation of new materials, methods and techniques . Aesthetic values due to the appearance of machines that sometimes mimesis from character ( snail ), were in the newer machines we have variation on coloring, minimization of scale, silklike shapes or extreme shapes that was prototypes for that period. Ecological values due to the concern of minimizing the tumult and emissions, economy on energy, use of dangerous ingredients and recycle materials. Financial values with main aim the reduction of cost of production that is basically the main issue for a product and general a business to survive.I n order to protect and conserve industrial monuments requires the preservation and nomination of the historic technical equipment through a scientific approach that should contain a series of stages such as Locate and record of industrial eq